臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討戴奧辛（dioxin）汙染飼糧對產蛋期紅羽土雞生產性 能、蛋、肝臟、脂肪戴奧辛含量與肝臟基因表現之影響。32隻蛋雞隨機平均分配於基礎飼糧組與戴奧辛飼糧處理組，戴奧辛飼糧組以含有5.5 ng TEQ/kg的戴奧辛餵飼蛋雞兩週後換乾淨飼糧繼續餵飼四週。兩處理組於餵飼戴奧辛飼糧後第2、14、28、42天進行雞隻犧牲採樣，實驗以2 x 4複因子設計再以最小平方均值比較各處理組間的差異顯著性 （P　＜　0.05）。結果顯示蛋雞經戴奧辛處理後與乾淨飼糧組相比其每日體增重顯著降低5.76克（P　＜　0.05）。而戴奧辛處理組對於肝臟與脾臟重和肝臟與脾臟重量百分比，蛋重與產蛋率與乾淨飼糧組相比無顯著差異（P ＞　0.05），然而戴奧辛處理後有脾臟重量百分比有下降的趨勢（P　＝　0.08）。戴奧辛處理組其肝臟戴奧辛濃度高於乾淨飼糧組，而轉換乾淨飼糧後肝臟戴奧辛濃度隨天數逐漸下降。戴奧辛殘留量以肝臟為最高，其次為蛋最後腹脂。由於戴奧辛改變肝臟脂肪相關基因表 現，故戴奧辛處理後顯著降低肝臟脂肪含量。進一步發現戴奧辛添加會影響肝臟基因表現中脂質與碳水化合物之相關代謝如PPAR路徑及丙酮酸與葡萄糖代謝等，其影響基因包含如脂蛋白脢A5（apolipoprotein　A-V APOA5）肉鹼棕櫚醯基轉移酶1A（carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A）細胞色素P450第七家族A亞族（cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A　 CYP7A1）基質金屬蛋白酶1（matrix metallopeptidase 1　 MMP1）醯基輔酶A合成酶短鏈家族1（acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 ACSS1）、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶1（Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1　PCK1）、丙酮酸脫氫酶（Pyruvate dehydrogenase 1 PDHA1）和乙醯輔酶A合成酶（LOC423347）等等。

The aim of this research was to evaluate dioxin contaminated feed on production performance, egg, liver, abdominal fat dioxin concentration, and gene expression in the liver of red-feathered Taiwan country chickens. A total number of 32 laying hens were divided into 2 treatments control and dioxin group. Sixteen chickens were fed with the contamination dioxin feed for fourteen days, were continued by clean feed up to 42 days. Chickens were sacrificed at 2, 14, 28, and 42 after dioxin treatment. The dose of 17 dioxin congeners were added to the diet is 5.5 ng TEQ kg-1 feed. Experimental data was analyzed with 2 x 4 Factorial Design. Differences between the treatments were analyzed and compared by least squares mean and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significantly. The result indicated that dioxin was significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG) 5.76 g （P　＜　0.05）. Dioxin administrated was no significantly different (P > 0.05) in liver weight, liver percentage, spleen weight, spleen percentage, egg weight and egg production. However, dioxin treatment tended to decrease relative spleen weight (P = 0.08). PCDD/PCDFs concentrations in liver were higher than control group. Then, concentration PCDD/PCDFs in liver gradually decreased after dioxin contaminated feed was changed by clean feed. Liver is the highest concentration of dioxin in tissue, continued by egg, and abdominal fat. Dioxin altered lipid metabolism gene expression in liver. Moreover, dioxin altered gene expression in the liver which related with PPAR signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. Genes that has role in PPAR signaling pathway are apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver) (CPT1A), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase) (MMP1), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1). Genes that has role in pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways are acyl-CoA syntheses short-chain family member 1 (ACSS1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1 (PDHA1), and similar to acetyl-CoA synthetase 2-like (LOC423347).

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Acknowledgments v
Content vii
Figure and Table of Contents ix
I. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation 2
1.3 Future Impact 2
II. Literature Review 3
2.1 Dioxin 3
2.2 Dioxin mechanism of action 6
2.3 Dioxin contaminated in feed 8
2.4 Effect of dioxins on growth performance and relative organ weight 10
2.5 Dioxin concentration in liver, abdominal fat, and egg 13
2.6 Liver gene expression analysis in dioxin treatment 14
III. Materials and Methods 18
3.1 Materials 18
3.1.1 Animal studies 18
3.1.2 Feed 18
3.2 Samples 19
3.2.1 HRGC/HRMS measurement 19
3.2.2 RNA preparation and DNA microarray experiments. 20
3.3 Statistical Analysis 21
IV. Results 22
4.1 Dioxin contaminated in feed 22
4.1.1 PCDD and PCDF on feed 23
4.1.2 Individual congener of dioxin in contaminated feed 24
4.2 Effect dioxin in growth performance, relative organ weight, egg weight, and egg production of red-feathered Taiwan country chicken 25
4.2.1 Effect of dioxin on average daily gain 25
4.2.2 Effect of dioxin on liver weight, spleen weight, and relative organ weight 27
4.2.3 Effect of dioxin on egg weight and egg production 29
4.3 Effect dioxin concentration in the liver, abdominal fat, and egg of red-
feathered Taiwan country chicken 30
4.4 Effect dioxin on gene expression in the liver of red-feathered Taiwan country chicken 38
V. Discussion 47
5.1 Dioxin contaminated in feed 47
5.2 Effect of dioxin in growth performance, relative organ weight, egg weight, and egg production of red-feathered Taiwan country chicken 48
5.3 Effect of dioxin concentration in the liver, abdominal fat, and egg of red-feathered Taiwan country chicken 48
5.4 Effect of dioxin on gene expression in the liver of red-feathered Taiwan
country chicken 49
VI. Conclusion 53
VII. References 54
Author profile 62

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