臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在科技與工業發展迅速的時代，環境汙染隨之而來，就連重要的水資源，也遭受波擊，過去處理汙水時，不僅需要長時間的曝氣與專門的區域進行，這對於地狹人稠的台灣真的相當具有挑戰。本篇構想是冀望從製程與應用著手(其中包括材料、時間、能源及3R(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)，並運用靜電紡絲技術及回流系統，製作出多型態氧化鋅結晶含銀之奈米纖維，其能在短時間有效的降解汙染物。本研究藉由參數調整使氧化鋅結晶形態進行轉換，由SEM證實，包含花、石頭、松果、海膽型；XRD證實其型態變化皆為氧化鋅與銀之結晶。
在UV-vis光譜儀測試中，發現當呈現海膽型時，由於其具有高比表面積，因此能快速的在5分鐘內，即有降解趨勢的出現，且在30分鐘內能有效降解89.8%之汙染物，遠遠高出其餘型態(粉末型態之降解約33.2%)；另外為增加其運用性之探討，也使用TGA、萬能拉伸儀、定量試驗進行包含強度、耐熱、抗菌、紫外線遮蔽等測試，發現效果相當顯著(最大抗拉強度：0.969kgf；耐熱溫度：720℃；抗菌活性圈：5.5cm；抑菌活性值：5.6；殺菌活性值：3.3；紫外線遮蔽值：99.79%)。因此本篇之新穎多形態氧化鋅不織布薄膜，不但具備快速分解污染之效能，更因其擁有抗菌與紫外線遮蔽之功用，將來更可做成持久型抗菌耐用去汙染新穎環保多功能不織布薄膜，並廣泛運用於多種領域當中。

In this study, we firstly prepared polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-ZnO/Ag composite ES fiber membranes consisting of pineal-type, flower-type, and sea-urchin-type ZnO morphologies by using ES technique, hydrothermal synthesis, and Ag reduction. The effects of the various ZnO structures on the fiber morphologies, photocatalytic efficiency, UV protection, and mechanical properties as well as how the additive Ag enhanced antimicrobial activity. Our results indicated that the photocatalytic and UV-protection efficiency of PAN-ZnO/Ag ES fiber membranes can be altered by varying the morphology of ZnO.
The various ZnO architectures exhibited differences in photocatalytic activity and UV-shielding efficiency, and were ranked as follows: sea-urchin > flower- > pineal-type. Sea-urchin-type ZnO features higher surface-to-volume ratio than other architectures do because of its distinctive structure, thus yielding higher performance. The present study demonstrated that self-standing PAN-ZnO/Ag composite fiber membranes, especially those with the sea-urchin-type ZnO structure, can be applied in multifunctional textiles such as water purification filters and antibacterial and UV-shielding clothes.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XVI
第1章 序論 1
第2章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 靜電紡絲技術 4
2.1.1 靜電紡絲之簡介 4
2.1.2 靜電紡絲之原理與獨特性質 5
2.1.3 本實驗室之靜電紡絲領域探討 7
2.2 氧化鋅之探討 11
2.2.1 氧化鋅基本性質 11
2.2.2 氧化鋅應用 11
2.2.3 氧化鋅製備方式 12
2.2.4 氧化鋅結晶型態之製程與控制方法 13
2.2.5 氧化鋅靜電紡絲奈米纖維應用(氣體感測器、光觸媒) 16
2.2.6 氧化鋅靜電紡絲奈米纖維應用(壓電儲存與DSSC) 19
2.2.7 關於氧化鋅的國內外文獻小彙整 20
2.2.8 本篇碩論之構想 22
2.3 光觸媒領域 24
2.3.1 理論與本篇應用 24
2.4 紫外線遮蔽領域 26
2.4.1 理論與本篇應用 26
2.5 殺菌除臭領域 28
2.5.1 理論與本篇應用 28
第3章 實驗步驟 29
3.1 材料選用 29
3.2 靜電紡絲設備 30
3.3 水熱法與還原機制所需設備 31
3.4 分析儀器 32
3.5 實驗流程 33
3.5.1 靜電紡絲奈米纖維製備與高分子溶液配製 33
3.5.2 靜電紡絲纖維薄膜製程 33
3.5.3 水熱法之奈米氧化鋅型態操控 34
3.5.4 硝酸銀之還原與附著 35
3.5.5 不同ZnO型態之合成與其結構/物性鑑定 35
3.6 實驗流程圖 37
第4章 結果與討論 38
4.1 場發射掃描電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM) 38
4.1.1 靜電紡絲參數調控與奈米纖維的線徑變化 38
4.1.2 水熱法與氧化鋅結晶成長之時間效應 40
4.1.3 HMTA助晶劑添加有無之影響 42
4.1.4 HMTA助晶劑添加時間點之影響 43
4.1.5 氧化鋅型態變化之探討 44
4.2 紫外光/可見光吸收光譜儀(UV-vis) 48
4.2.1 紫外光/可見光吸收光譜儀之數據含意 48
4.2.2 各型態降解汙染物之比較圖 49
4.2.3 各型態降解汙染物之強度濃度梯度圖 54
4.2.4 各型態降解汙染物之一次線性迴歸降解圖 55
4.2.5 各型態之紫外線遮蔽比較圖(穿透) 56
4.2.6 各型態之紫外線數值統整(穿透性) 61
4.2.7 各型態之紫外線遮蔽比較圖(反射性) 62
4.2.8 各型態之紫外線數值統整(反射性) 66
4.3 X光能譜分析儀(EDS) 68
4.3.1 X光能譜分析儀之數據含意 68
4.3.2 各型態氧化鋅結晶之元素分佈位置與所含比例 69
4.4 X射線繞射分析儀(XRD) 74
4.4.1 X射線繞射分析儀之數據含意 74
4.4.2 樣品於X射線繞射分析儀中之探討與比較 75
4.5 熱重分析儀(TGA) 77
4.5.1 熱重分析儀之數據含意 77
4.5.2 各型態於熱重分析中所呈現之趨勢 78
4.5.3 各型態之熱重分析比較圖 81
4.6 萬能拉伸試驗機 82
4.6.1 萬能拉伸試驗機之數據含意 82
4.6.2 各型態之機械強度測試圖 82
4.7 抗菌測試-定量法(JIS L 1902) 85
4.7.1 測試方法 85
4.7.2 纖維及其製品抗菌性試驗定性法(JIS L 1902) 85
4.7.3 纖維及其製品抗菌性試驗定量法(JIS L 1902) 87
4.7.4 實際效果評估(定性) 90
4.7.5 實際效果評估(定量) 93
第5章 結論 98
第6章 參考文獻 99

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