臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一般傳統降雨逕流模式僅適用於中型集水區之水文演算，如應用於大型集水區時，則因渠道貯蓄效應逐漸重要，會導致逕流演算誤差。貯蓄效應為水體質量暫時蓄積於渠道內之現象，或稱為逕流擴散現象，此將導致流量歷線尖峰有消減之趨勢。本研究利用馬斯金更-康鉅法進行渠道演算，以模擬洪水波運移過程之貯蓄效應與傳遞效應，且可避免動力波模式數值不穩定的問題。
研究中利用數值高程模式劃分欲計算渠道上游集水區、渠道兩側次集水區與殘流域之地文因子，而後採用地形性水文模式與馬斯金更-康鉅法進行逕流計算。因考量防洪預警過程需要渠道水位資料，故採用HEC-RAS軟體求得水位-流量率定曲線，而後利用Jones 公式以考慮率定曲線之遲滯現象，冀能確實反應洪水波運移時之水位變化。

Conventional rainfall-runoff models can only be applied to midsize watersheds for runoff simulation. They cannot be applied to large watersheds because of the channel storage effect getting significant in large watersheds, which will induce large simulating error in flood routing. Channel storage effect results from water temporally stored in channel reaches, which is also recognized as the runoff diffusion to describe the phenomena of flow peak attenuation while flood wave transporting to downstream. In this study, Muskingum-Cunge method is adopted to perform the channel-flow routing to include translation and storage effects in flood wave transport and to avoid numerical instability problems while using a dynamic-wave model.
A digital elevation model (DEM) was adopted to delineate lateral areas and the boundaries of subwatersheds along the mainstream. Detail geomorphic factors for the lateral areas and subwatersheds were calculated by using the DEM. Consequently, the geomorphic factors were as the input to a geomorphology-based runoff model to generate flow hydrographs to be the boundary conditions for the channel-flow routing using the Muskingum-Cunge method. Since flood stage information is usually required in flood warning systems, stage-discharge rating curves were derived using the HEC-RAS software. The hysteresis effect in the rating curve was further included by applying the Jones formula to have a more precise predicting in the channel-flow routing.

摘 要 1
英文摘要 ii
目 錄 iii
表 錄 v
圖 錄 vi
第一章 導論 1
1.1 研究目的 1
1.2 前人研究 2
1.2.1數值高程模式相關研究 2
1.2.2馬斯金更-康鉅法相關研究 6
1.2.3迴圈型率定曲線相關研究 7
1.2.4運動波–地貌瞬時單位歷線理論相關研究 8
1.3 研究方法 10
第二章 馬斯金更-康鉅法渠道演算模式 13
2.1模式架構 13
2.2迴圈型率定曲線演算 16
2.2.1迴圈型率定曲線原理 16
2.2.2迴圈型率定曲線演算方法 20
2.3下游邊界條件設置與對模式演算之影響 22
第三章 降雨逕流演算模式 26
3.1殘流域漫地流數值演算 26
3.2上游入流與次集水區支流數值演算 27
3.2.1地貌瞬時單位歷線理論 27
3.2.2逕流平均運行時間推求 31
第四章 利用數值高程模式進行集水區地文分析 37
4.1數值高程資料結構 37
4.2數值高程模式建立 38
4.3地文因子推求 43
第五章 模式應用 49
5.1研究集水區概述 49
5.2資料蒐集與分析 49
5.2.1地文因子求取 50
5.2.2次集水區與殘流域糙度係數 50
5.2.3下游邊界條件設定 51
5.3馬斯金更-康鉅法渠道流量演算結果分析 51
5.4渠道水位演算結果分析 53
第六章 結論 56
參考文獻 57

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