臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係透過微波裂解程序，誘使不同植物性生質廢棄物進行熱裂解反應，以探討微波裂解誘發生質廢棄物殘餘固相產物作為吸附劑之可利用性。藉由各起始材料所含之化學組成分不同而開發出不同物化特性之吸附劑，再透過污染物之吸附實驗測試進行評估。本研究之技術具備低成本、新穎性及回收再利用等優勢，且能達到生質廢棄物資源再利用之目的。
結果顯示透過微波裂解程序轉至不同化學組成之植物性生質廢棄物為吸附劑，其N2吸附曲線皆為第Ⅳ型等溫吸脫附曲線，以窄縫型孔隙所構成。而影響各吸附劑之孔洞結構與起始材料所含之木質素及纖維素含量最具關連性。透過熱重分析儀(TGA)進行CO2之吸附實驗，固相產物中以GAC-玉米莖所得到之吸附效果最佳為58.65 mg/g，其與文獻中提及的活性碳吸附效果相近，此現象可說明，對於將微波裂解氣相產物收集後之殘餘固相產物對於CO2去除能力是有價值的，可再進行更深入的探討。
另外，本研究亦對水中污染物碘離子進行探討，透過3種由微波裂解Ⅲ製備之吸附劑與市售之活性碳進行比較。其結果顯示各吸附劑在酸性環境下所得到的吸附效果較佳，批覆銀於活性碳之吸附效果又更加提升。實驗中以SIAC-花生殼對於水中碘之吸附效果最好，為555.98μmole/g。此結果顯示，透過微波裂解製備之吸附劑浸漬銀進行水中碘之吸附是可行的，且吸附實驗選用高濃度之碘污染物環境(150μM)，若更深入之探討可能對於光電產業之廢水碘回收有所幫助

This study utilized the microwave–induced pyrolysis to pyrolyze different bio-waste into bio-adsorbents. Because of the varied characteristics of original bio-waste, the bio-adsorbents showed quite different physical and chemical properties. A series of adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the bio-adsorbent applied to contaminant removal and material recovery. The technology of this research has the advantages of low cost, novelty and recycling, etc., and can achieve the purpose of recycling of waste resources.
By the analysis of N2-adsorption-desorption, all the produced bio-adsorbents displayed the properties of type Ⅳ isotherm and slit-shaped opening. The pore structure of bio-adsorbent is mostly related to the lignin and cellulose content in the starting waste. The measurements of CO2 adsorption on the bio-adsorbents were carried out by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Among all the produced bio-adsorbents, the bio-adsorbent derived from the waste corn showed the best adsorption performance of 58.65 mg CO2/g bio-adsorbent, which value is competent to the commercial activated carbon published in previous literatures. The results indicated that the methods to produce bio-adsorbents was feasible and could be further explored.
In addition, this study also carried out the waste iodide stream recovery by comparing three bio-adsorbents prepared by microwave–induced pyrolysis with a commercially available activated carbon. The results showed that the iodide adsorption yield better performance in acidic condition than alkaline. Furthermore, a coating of silver ion on bio-adsorbents could enhance the iodide recovery. In the experiment, the silver ion impregnated bio-adsorbent derived from waste peanut shells had the best iodide adsorption of 555.98 μmole iodide/g silver-impregnated-bio-adsorbent. The results show that it is feasible to adsorb iodide from water by silver-coated bio-adsorbent. The results may be helpful for the iodide recovery from waste stream in the optoelectronic industry

明志科技大學碩士論文指導教授推薦書 i
明志科技大學碩士論文口試委員會審定書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xiii
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的與內容 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1生質廢棄物 4
2.2生質廢棄物組成份概述 5
2.2.1纖維素 6
2.2.2半纖維素 7
2.2.3木質素 7
2.3微波裂解程序原理 8
2.3.1微波加熱相互作用 11
2.3.2微波加熱的特性 13
2.4微波技術運用 16
2.5活性碳簡介 17
2.5.1活性碳物化特性/結構 17
2.5.2活性碳的應用 21
2.5.3 CO2之吸附 22
2.5.4碘的回收與再生 23
2.5.5含銀活性碳製備 25
2.5.6含銀活性碳（SIAC）對I-的吸附機制 27
第三章 材料與方法 28
3.1研究架構 29
3.2實驗設備與材料 30
3.2.1實驗材料 30
3.2.2實驗設備 32
3.3固相產物製備 34
3.3.1固相產物製備(GAC) 34
3.3.2含銀活性碳碳製備(SIAC) 37
3.4碘吸附實驗 38
3.4.1碘溶液配置 38
3.4.2固相產物(GAC)對水中碘的吸附實驗 38
3.4.3 pH對於含銀活性碳對水中碘的吸附實驗之影響 38
3.4.4含銀活性碳對水中碘的吸附之動力吸附實驗 38
3.4.5含銀活性碳對水中碘的吸附之等溫吸附實驗 39
3.4.6 含銀活性碳再生實驗 39
3.5等溫吸附模式 39
3.5.1 Freundlich吸附理論 39
3.5.2 Langmuir吸附理論 40
3.6動力學分析 41
3.6.1擬一階動力學模型 41
3.6.2擬二階動力學模型 42
3.5分析方法 43
3.5.1樣品之近似成分分析 43
3.5.2活性碳碘值標準測定法 45
3.5.3元素分析儀 46
3.5.4熱重分析儀 47
3.5.6比表面積分析儀 48
3.5.7界達電位分析儀 52
3.5.8高效能液相層析儀 52
3.5.9感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜分析儀 54
第四章 結果與討論 55
4.1生質廢棄物背景分析 56
4.1.1近似成分分析 56
4.1.2元素分析 57
4.1.3礦物質分析結果 58
4.1.4熱重量變化分析 59
4.2固相產物 63
4.2.1元素分析結果 63
4.2.2比表面積分析儀分析結果 63
4.2.3界達電位分析結果 67
4.2.4活性碳吸附指標-碘值量測 68
4.2.5 CO2吸附結果分析 68
4.2.6水中碘吸附結果分析 71
4.3含銀吸附劑 72
4.3.1比表面積分析儀分析結果 72
4.3.2界達電位分析結果 76
4.3.3 pH值對於水中碘吸附之影響 77
4.3.4吸附動力曲線 79
4.3.5等溫吸附曲線 81
4.3.6含銀活性碳與固相產物對於水中碘之吸附效果比較 83
4.3.7再生含銀活性碳之效能評估 85
第五章 結論與建議 86
5.1結論 86
5.2建議 88
參考文獻 89

 
圖目錄
圖2.1樣品之化學組成成份 5
圖2.2纖維素之構造式 6
圖2.3木質素與纖維素可能的結合方式 8
圖2.4各系統中所用頻率與波長範圍 8
圖2.5偶極矩分子在微波電場之排列方式 10
圖2.6微波吸附介質特性示意圖 12
圖2.7微波與傳統熱裂解熱傳導效應之示意圖 15
圖2.8常見之含氧官能基結構示意圖 19
圖2.9常見之含氮官能基結構示意圖 20
圖2.10銀沉積於碳表面之官能基 26
圖3.1研究架構 29
圖3.2微波誘發裂解裝置圖 34
圖3.3微波誘發裂解裝置示意圖 35
圖3.4 BET原理適用範圍示意圖 48
圖3.5不同相對壓力範圍與孔洞結構之關係圖 49
圖3.6根據IUPAC 分類歸納出來的六類等溫吸附線示意圖 50
圖3.7 遲滯曲線的四種型態 51
圖4.1各樣品材料經微波裂解後之固相產物佔比 55
圖4.2各樣品材料TGA熱重量損失曲線 60
圖4.3樣品材料熱重量損失速率曲線積分結果 62
圖4.4木質素與固相產物比表面積關係圖 65
圖4.5纖維素與平均孔徑關係圖 65
圖4.6半纖維素與固相產物比表面積關係圖 66
圖4.7各固相產物之N2等溫吸附-脫附曲線 66
圖4.8各固相產物之界達電位分析結果 67
圖4.9各固相產物在室溫下二氧化碳吸附結果 69
圖4.10各固相產物對於水中碘之吸附結果 71
圖4.11 含銀前後固相產物之N2等溫吸-脫附曲線 75
圖4.12含銀活性碳與固相產物之界達電位比較圖 76
圖4.13各含銀活性碳之pH值等溫吸附曲線 77
圖4.14吸附前後pH值變化 78
圖4.15含銀活性碳對於水中碘之吸附動力曲線 80
圖4.16含銀活性碳對於水中碘之吸附動力與模擬值 80
圖4.17含銀活性碳對於水中碘之等溫吸附實驗 82
圖4.18 以Langmuir及Freundlich等溫吸附模式迴歸 82
圖4.19含銀活性碳與固相產物之吸附效果比較 84
圖4.20再生含銀活性碳之吸附效果 85
 
表目錄
表2.1生質廢棄物特性區分 4
表2.2植物性生質廢棄物之木質纖維素成分組成 6
表2.3各系統所用之頻率與波長範圍 9
表2.4活性碳之孔隙大小分布狀況 18
表3.1微波裂解實驗參數 34
表3.2微波誘發裂解裝置各單元名稱 35
表3.3 Iodide分析條件設定 53
表4.1各樣品材料近似分析比較 56
表4.2各樣品材料之元素分析 57
表4.3各樣品材料之礦物質含量分析 58
表4.4樣品材料之化學組成模擬結果 61
表4.7固相產物(GAC)樣品碘值吸附量 68
表4.8活性碳和固相產物在大氣壓下對CO2的吸附能力比較表 70
表4.9含銀活性碳之比表面積分析結果 74
表4.10 擬一階與擬二階動力模擬之參數表 79
表4.11含銀活性碳去除水中碘之等溫吸附模式參數表 81
表4.12吸附劑對水中碘的吸附能力比較表 84

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