臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鐵磁共振係一個複雜與非線性共振的的電氣現象。由於比壓器的鐵心係由矽鋼片疊加而成，因此比壓器的鐵心係一種非線性的電感元件。由於斷路器操作、電源電壓激勵或其他故障等原因時，比壓器的鐵心之非線性電感與系統的電容元件易誘發鐵磁共振之現象，其結果會造成比壓器的電壓急劇增加，並使得比壓器的鐵心發生飽和現象，因而導致鐵心電流大幅上升。甚至造成比壓器的燒毀、或線路外部的絕緣閃絡、及避雷器爆炸等事故，使得其他電力設備亦遭受絕緣傷害。
本論文中將探討鐵磁共振發生之原因與構成條件，並建構實際鐵磁共振行為的試驗環境。論文中實際產生比壓器鐵磁共振之現象，並實際量測鐵磁共振發生時，比壓器的一、二次側電壓與電流波形，並以MATLAB計算出與描繪出比壓器磁通量波形與磁滯曲線，以瞭解鐵磁共振之行為特徵。
對於鐵磁共振現象的抑制，本論文擬以dsPIC30F4011數位訊號控制器為運算中心，建構閉回路控制系統，完成鐵磁共振抑制器。在硬體模組電路方面，包含：電壓倍率衰減電路、絕對值轉換電路、正負半週檢知電路與雙向電力開關電路。在軟體方面，以C語言實現演算與邏輯判斷之功能，包含：零交越點檢知、高速類比數位信號轉換、磁通量計算與各邏輯信號之判斷式等副程式。
因此，本論文藉由軟硬體之整合，實際投入鐵磁抑制裝置，並實際量測鐵磁抑制過程的波形，來驗證所建立的試驗系統，以及證明所設計的鐵磁共振抑制器的實用性。因此，可以提供未來設計鐵磁抑制電路與設計量測鐵磁共振現象量測儀的參考依據。

Ferroresonance is a electrical phenomenon of complex and non- linear resonance, the inductance of PT (Potential Transformer) in the circuit is ferromagnetic, meaning that it has a core made of a ferromagnetic material, usually iron. PT is a type of non-linear inductance, in response to a voltage transient, phase to ground fault, circuit breaker opening, equipment energization or deenergization, lightning induced over voltages, or any number of other sudden changes, the system can take a sudden non-linear jump from its normal steady state response to a steady state condition of severe harmonic distortion and high over voltages that can severely damage power system equipment.
In order to find out about the behavior characteristic of the ferro -resonance that would discuss conditions and reasons of ferroresonance, and build and construct the environment of ferroresonance behavior, and measured the voltage and current of the PT, used MATLAB to calculate and describe flux and hysteresis curve.
The system of this F.S.C (Ferroresonance Suppression Circuit) was to design and construct a feedback control system to detect and dampen ferroresonant oscillations. The hardware modules of this F.S.C system include 16bit Digital Signal Controller (dsPIC30F4011) , Signal-Convert module, Wave-Detect module and bidirectional power relay circuit. The system used C language to write the program. The functions of F.S.C software include zero-crossing detect, high speed A/D convert , voltage integral and to determine other logic flags.
The F.S.C integrated hardware and software and measure the Ferroresonance wave of the Potential Transformer actually to prove system’s practicability. Hence, the F.S.C system and measure ferroresonance device system can offer the reference basis designed in the future .

目 錄
誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xv
縮寫及符號對照表 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 章節概述 3
第二章 鐵磁共振現象原理探討與分析 5
2.1線性與非線性共振原理概述 5
2.1.1線性共振的特色與原理 5
2.1.2鐵磁性材料特色 9
2.1.3鐵磁共振現象的構成條件 12
2.2鐵磁共振現象對電力設備之影響 15
2.2.1鐵磁共振對設備之傷害 15
2.2.2設備鐵磁共振條件 16
2.3鐵磁共振現象電氣電路 18
2.3.1非接地系統單相或二相瞬時激勵 19
2.3.2非接地電容器組瞬時激勵 21
2.3.3饋電系統匯流排與斷路器開關接觸電容 23
2.3.4 △饋電系統對Y-G/Y-G 變壓器單相對地故障 23
2.3.5電容耦合比壓器 25
2.3.6三相變壓器鐵磁耦合 27
第三章 鐵磁共振行為表現 29
3.1 鐵磁共振現象基本電路分析 28
3.1.1 變壓器模型 31
3.1.2 線電容 34
3.1.3 基頻線性電路分析 34
3.1.4 雙態電感分析 39
3.2 比壓器鐵磁共振波形重現系統 43
3.2.1 發生鐵磁共振行為硬體系統建構 43
3.2.2 特殊儀器操作說明 44
3.3 比壓器鐵磁共振現象波形擷取與轉換 47
3.3.1 比壓器鐵磁共振現象波形 48
3.3.2 比壓器鐵磁滯曲線轉換 57
第四章 鐵磁共振抑制硬體電路設計 75
4.1 比壓器鐵磁共振保護 75
4.1.1 鐵磁共振抑制技術 75
4.1.2 鐵磁共振抑制電路規劃 77
4.2 中央處理控制器介紹 79
4.2.1 dsPIC概述 79
4.2.2 dsPIC I/0埠 81
4.2.3 dsPIC系統頻率 82
4.3 比壓器鐵磁共振抑制系統硬體設計 84
4.3.1 中央數值與邏輯處理模組 84
4.3.2 信號轉換模組 85
4.3.3 正負半週檢知電路 88
4.3.4 雙向開關模組 89
4.3.5 電路信號模擬 90
第五章 鐵磁共振抑制系統軟體設計 94
5.1 軟體開發工具介紹 94
5.1.1 整合式開發韌體介面MPLAB IDE 94
5.1.2 編譯軟體MPLAB-C30與ICD2模擬器 95
5.1.3 專案建立與軟體偵錯 97
5.2 軟體開發流程說明 99
5.2.1 軟體架構說明 99
5.2.2 dsPIC30F4011內建高速AD 轉換功能使用 101
5.2.3 磁通量計算設計 103
5.2.4 軟體控制流程與程式碼 106
第六章 鐵磁共振抑制系統實體測試 110
6.1 系統自行測試波形 110
6.1.1 類比/數位電壓轉換實測 110
6.1.2 比壓器磁通量運算 111
6.2 鐵磁共振抑制波形 111
6.2.1系統比較波形 111
6.3 控制器實體圖與PCB Layout 116
第七章 結論 118
參考文獻 121
作者簡介 124

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