臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一個區域電網基本上是一個大連接系統的局部，它會受到外界與其連接之網路事故的影響；或因自己網路的事故影響到外界網路，而反饋回來影響到本身的系統，因此整體網路連接系統模式的準確性與否，將會影響輸電系統的分析結果。通常在一個互連的電力系統中，即時網路的安全性評估及電力傳輸容量的計算往往都需要一個即時的整體網路基礎解。為了要正確地評估系統的安全性及互連系統區域間的傳輸容量，由全部區域所傳送的任何有效資料都應被使用。藉由各控制中心間的電腦通訊，即時的遙測資料可在互連系統區域間進行交換以得到整體網路模式。當這些交換資料由不同的區域透過通訊網路被收集在一起，資料因通訊傳輸可能會發生延遲，因此測量值的時間差效應必須考慮在整體網路模式化中。

在本論文中，我們對於整體網路模式的建立提供幾個建議作為系統運轉參考。在資料交換方面，我們使用離散事件模擬技術來評估使用網際網路連接各公司的監控系統作為資料交換的傳輸效能，並建立網際網路資料交換傳輸延遲量化分析模式。藉由預測方式的使用可將資料交換的時間差效應最小化，這樣的結果將使狀態估計提供互連系統精確的即時整體網路模式解，作為系統安全性及可用傳輸容量分析使用。

為了克服測量值資料的隨機延遲效應，並建立一個更精確的網路安全性及傳輸容量計算所需的基礎解，本論文發展出一個隨機統計的延伸卡曼濾波器演算法，當互連系統中發生部分或全部測量值有時間延遲的情形時，使用這個演算法可得到最佳的系統狀態解。最後為了要得到整體網路精確的估計解，在網路模式中必須要有偵測錯誤資料的能力。我們提出了一個以隨機統計延伸卡曼濾波器演算法為基礎的資料除錯方法，藉由這個方法可以有效地偵測、分辨及移除錯誤的資料。

A power system is typically one small part of a larger interconnected network and is affected to a varying degree, by contingencies external to itself as well as by the reaction of external network to its own contingencies. Thus, the accuracy of a complete interconnected network model would affect the results of many transmission level analyses. In an interconnected power system, the real-time network security and power transfer capability analyses require a “real-time” complete network base case solution. In order to accurately assess the system security and the inter-area transfer capability, it is highly desirable that any available information from all areas is used. With the advent of communications among operations control center computers, real-time telemetered data can be exchanged for complete network modeling. Measurement time skew should be considered in the complete network modeling when combining large area data received via a data communication network.

In this dissertation, several suggestions aiming toward the improvement of complete network modeling are offered. A discrete event simulation technique is used to assess the performance of a data exchange scheme that uses Internet interface to the SCADA system. Performance modeling of data exchange on the Internet is established and a quantitative analysis of the data exchange delay is presented. With the prediction mechanisms, the effect of time skew of interchanged data among utilities can be minimized, and consequently, state estimation (SE) could provide the accurate real-time complete network models of the interconnected network for security and available transfer capability analyses.

In order to accommodate the effects of randomly varying arrival of measurement data and setup a base case for more accurate analyses of network security and transfer capability, an implementation of a stochastic Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is proposed to provide optimal estimates of interconnected network states for systems in which some or all measurements are delayed. To have an accurate state estimation of a complete network, it is essential to have the capability of detecting bad data in the model. An efficient information debugging methodology based on the stochastic EKF algorithm is used for the detection, diagnosis and elimination of bad data.

摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
符號表 IX

第一章 簡介 1
第二章 網際網路資料交換模擬分析 10
2.1 電腦系統模擬 11
2.2 問題描述 14
2.3 系統模式建立 17
第三章 以狀態估計為基礎之整體電網模式建立 22
3.1 外界網路測量值修正 22
3.1.1 線性外插法 23
3.1.2 指數平滑法 24
3.2 動態狀態估計法 27
第四章 考慮隨機延遲測量值之互連區域狀態估計 32
4.1 問題描述與數學表示式 33
4.2 隨機狀態估測器之推導 36
第五章 以隨機動態狀態估計法為基礎之錯誤資料偵測與識別 44
5.1 錯誤資料之偵測與分類 44
5.2 測量值錯誤之識別與修正 49
5.3 網路結構錯誤之識別與修正 50
第六章 測試結果與討論 56
6.1 網際網路傳輸資料模擬結果與預測模式準確性比較 56
6.2 隨機動態狀態估計法與傳統狀態估計法執行效能比較 64
6.3 外界網路錯誤資料之偵測與修正測試結果 71
第七章 結論及未來研究方向 79
參考文獻 83

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