臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要研究一維週期結構之地面開孔型微帶線。利用模組化的觀念，將地面開孔型微帶線的電路結構拆成微帶線、接地面具開槽之微帶線以及二者間的不連續點，並以HFSS高頻電磁場模擬軟體模擬各種對應的電路結構，最後將上述三者的所對應的電路結構，以ABCD矩陣串接原理予以串接，而求出傳輸線特性阻抗與傳播常數。文章中將針對地面開孔型微帶線模組化原理與模擬結果的物理現象加以詳述，並將電路模擬的結果與實際電路量測結果相比較以歸納整理出差異原因。

In this thesis, the theory and technique for resolving the characteristic impedance and propagation constant of a voided-ground -plate microstrip line are discussed. The main task of this research considers a periodic 1-D pattern consisting of square voids etched on the ground plane of microstrip line. We proposed a simple, efficient and accurate method to rigorously analyze the periodic planar structures. This method uses the transmission (ABCD) matrix to cascade three simplified models such as microstrip line, coupled microstrip-slotline and the equivalent circuit for discontinuities. Three types of the voided- ground-plate microstrip line models have been simulated using HFSS. Several voided-ground-plate microstrip line circuits were fabricated with different periods or hole sizes to investigate the relations of the structural parameters to the characteristic impedance and propagation constant in a specified frequency band. The method in this thesis provides not only a clear physical picture to understanding the wave phenomena in such a transmission structure but also a simple and accurate design criterion for practical implementations of voided-ground-plate microstrip circuits.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究背景 2
1.3研究方法與步驟 3
第二章基礎微波理論簡介 8
2.1 微帶傳輸線 8
2.1.1 基本特性 7
2.1.2 準橫向電磁場(Quasi-TEM) 9
2.1.3 微帶線的傳播常數(Propagation constant) 12
2.2 接地面具開槽之微帶線(Coupled Microstrip-Slotline) 14
2.3 不連續點(Discontinuities)之電磁效應 15
2.3.1 高次模(Higher-Order Modes) 15
2.3.2 寄生效應 16
2.3.3 不連續點的等效電路 16
2.4 參數簡介 18
2.4.1 S參數 18
2.4.1.1 雙埠網路(2-port network)之S參數 18
2.4.1.2 傳輸線之S參數應用 18
2.4.2 ABCD參數 21
2.4.2.1 雙埠網路之串接 21
2.4.2.2 傳輸線之ABCD矩陣 22
2.5 週期結構 25
2.5.1 簡化的等效電路 25
2.5.2 週期結構之ABCD參數 26
第三章 地面開孔型微帶線(Voided-Ground-Plate Microstrip Line)特
性分析方法 30
3.1 傳輸線特性阻抗Zo及傳播常數γ分析方法 30
3.2 接地面具開槽之微帶線(Coupled Microstrip－Slotline) 32
3.2.1 接地面槽孔對相位常數(phase constant; β: rad/m)之影
響 32
3.2.2 操作頻率對相位常數(phase constant; β: rad/m)之影響
33
3.2.3 接地面孔徑對衰減常數(attenuation constant;α: Np/m)之
影響 34
3.2.4 操作頻率對衰減常數(attenuation constant;α: Np/m)之影
響 35
3.2.5 接地面孔徑對實部阻抗之影響 36
3.2.6 頻率對實部阻抗之影響 37
3.2.7 接地面孔徑對虛部阻抗之影響 38
3.2.8 頻率對虛部阻抗之影響 39
3.3 不連續點(Discontinuities)寄生效應之等效模型 40
3.3.1 不連續之寄生電阻(R; mΩ) 41
3.3.2 不連續之寄生電感(L; pH) 43
3.3.3 不連續之寄生電導(G; nS) 45
3.3.4 不連續之寄生電容(C; pF) 47
3.4 微帶線傳輸特性 49
3.5 Curve fitting分析結果 51
3.5.1 Coupled Microstrip-Slotline的分析及curve fitting結果
51
3.5.2 Discontinuity的分析及curve fitting結果 52
3.6 地面開孔型微帶線模擬結果 52
3.6.1地面開孔型微帶線之特性阻抗模擬結果 53
3.6.2地面開孔型微帶線之衰減常數模擬結果 55
3.6.3地面開孔型微帶線之相位常數模擬結果 57
第四章 量測結果與理論驗證 59
4.1 待測電路之參數量測與規劃 59
4.1.1電路板結構 59
4.1.2 網路分析儀的量測設定 61
4.1.3 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometer)的量測設定 64
4.1.3.1 TDR原理簡介 64
4.1.3.2 TDR量測架構 66
4.2 量測結果 67
4.2.1 特性阻抗的量測結果－ (Ω) 67
4.2.2 網路分析儀所量測出的衰減常數－ (Np/m) 68
4.2.3 網路分析儀所量測出的相位常數－ (rad/m) 69
4.3 誤差百分比 69
4.4 誤差分析 71
4.4.1 電路板製作上的誤差 71
4.4.2 軟體模擬時的收斂性 73
第五章 結論 75
參考文獻 76

[1] J. D. Joannopoulous,R. D. Meade,and J. N. Winn,Photonic Crystals：Molding the Flow of Light,Princeton,NJ：Princeton University Press,1995.
[2] E. Yablonovitch,“Photonic band-gap structures,”J. Optical Soc. America B,vol. 10,pp.283-295,Feb. 1993.
[3] E. R. Brown,C. D. Parker,and E. Yablonovitch,“Radiation properties of a planar antenna on a photonic-crystal substrate,”J. Optical Soc. America B,vol. 10,pp.404-407,Feb. 1993.
[4] V. Radisic,Y. Qian,and T. Itoh,“Broad-Band Power Amplifier Using Dielectric Photonic Bandgap Structure,”IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,vol. 8,No. 1,Jan. 1998.
[5] R. B. Hwang and S. T. Peng,“Guidance Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Periodic Impedance Surface,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 47,No. 12,pp. 2503-2511,Dec. 1982.
[6] Vesna Radisic,Yongxi Qian,Roberto Coccioli,and Tatsuo Itoh, “Novel 2-D Photonic Bandgap Structure for Microstrip Lines ” ,IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,vol. 8,No. 2,Feb. 1998.
[7] F. R. Yang,Kuang-Ping Ma,Tatsuo Itoh and Tatsuo Itoh,“A Uniplanar Compact Photonic Band-gap (PBG) structure and Its Application for microwave circuits,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 47,No. 8,pp. 1509-1514,Aug. 1982.
[8] R. B. Hwang,S. T. Peng and C. C. Chen,“Surface-Wave Suppression of Resonance-Type Periodic Structures,”IEEE MTT-S IMS,Session TH2E,June 2000.
[9] F. R. Yang,Y. Qian,R. Coccioli,and T. Itoh,“A novel low-loss slow-wave microstrip structure,”IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,vol. 8,pp. 372-374,Nov. 1998.
[10] F. R. Yang,K. P. Ma,Y. Qian,and T. Itoh,“A novel TEM waveguide using uni-planar compact photonic-bandgap (UC-PBG) structure,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 47,pp. 2092-2098,Nov. 1999.
[11] M. Kahrizi,T. K. Sarkar and Z. A. MariLeviL,“Dynamic Analysis of a Microstrip Line Over a Perforated Ground Plane,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 42,pp. 820-825,May. 1994.
[12] Hung-Yu and David Yang,“Theory of microstrip lines on artificial periodic substrate,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. 47,pp. 629-635,Aug. 1982.
[13] K. Mikoshiba and M. Kamomura,“Leaky Waveguide：TE& Circular Waveguide with Periodic Array of Circular Apertures,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. MTT-17,pp. 15-19,Jan. 1969.
[14] Ching-Kuang C. Tzuang and Yu-Chiao Chen,“Dispersion Characteristics of Microstrip with Periodic Perturbations,”IEEE MTT-S IMS,Session TH2E,June 2000.
[15] Ching-Kuang C. Tzuang and Yu-Chiao Chen,“Dispersion Characteristics of Microstrip with Periodic Perturbations,”IEEE MTT-S IMS,Session TH2E,June 2000.
[16] D. Sievenpiper,L. Zhang,E. Yablonovitch,“High-Impedance Electromagnetic Ground Planes,”IEEE MTT-S IMS,Session TH2C,June 1999.
[17] F. R. Yang,R. Coccioli,Y. Qian,and T. Itoh,“Analysis and Application of Coupled Microstrips on Periodically Patterned Ground Plane,”IEEE MTT-S IMS,Session TH2E,June 2000.
[18] 戴欽泉，“接地面具週期孔洞之帶狀傳輸線波導特性實驗研究，” 國立交通大學電信工程研究所碩士論文，民國八十九年六月。
[19] 梁繼元，“寬度具週期變化微帶線之波導特性研究，” 國立交通大學電信工程研究所碩士論文，民國八十九年六月。
[20] Terry Edwards,Foundations for Microstrip Circuits Design,John Wiley & Sons,1992,pp. 104-109.
[21] K. C. Gupta,R. Garg and R. Chadha,Computer-Aided Design of Microwave Circuits,Artech House,1982,pp. 60-63.
[22] Fred Gardiol,Microstrip Circuits,John Wiley & Sons,1994,pp. 51-55.
[23] Robert A. Pucel,Daniel J. Massé,and Curtis P. Hartwig,“Losses in Microstrip,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. MTT-16, No. 6,June 1968.
[24] Reinmut K. Hoffmann and Johann Siegl,“Microstrip-Slot Coupler Design─Part I:S-Parameters of Uncompensated and Compensated Couplers,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol. MTT-30,No. 8,Aug. 1982.
[25] K. C. Gupta,R.Grag,I. Bahl and P. Bhartia,Microstrip Lines and Slotlines,Artech House,1996,pp. 295-297.