臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文擬以中小企業為研究對象，旨在探討欲拓展企業國際化之中小企業的電子產業之採購決策條件、國際採購族群、資產專屬性、區位優勢以及子網絡位置，對其廠商佈局大陸市場之關係，進而發展國際化的策略、提高國際競爭力。由於過去學者對大陸市場的探討，偏重探究於一般消費性產品採購行為（B2C）的分析較多，而對於工業產品，特別是電子產業之採購（B2B）行為較少探究。本研究乃是針對電子產業中之面板產業之採購行為作為探討對象，進行研究，並進一步分析廠商赴大陸所考量之因素其相互關係為何。藉由本研究對於B2B採購行為的模式，以期找出在大陸市場的工業採購特徵，並利用此分析之結果來提供市場研究者對於大陸區域的適當銷售策略，以作為對此區域內學術探討之參考。
本研究主要以企業所處之內外在環境、採購行為因素及產業網絡關係作為研究的自變數，而此變數涵蓋了資產專屬性、區位優勢、子網絡位置、採購決策條件和網絡模式；對於影響企業國際化發展因素，即本研究所針對的赴大陸投資情形作為因變數，並利用集群分析來對現有的自變數作進一步的分組及探討，將相關的敘述統計資料作基礎，以提供所作分組的資料有更詳細的解釋。
研究方法係利用問卷調查方式，歸納出電子高科技產業赴中國大陸設廠之動機與影響因素，並探討上述所描述的相關變數對於採購行為的關鍵因素，並以此關鍵因素來探索工業材料供應商與客戶之互動模式。
對影響企業赴大陸投資的策略因素及採購行為與企業網絡的關係作一完整的探討，實證的結果證明，採購行為與企業網絡之相關理論是可以應用於企業赴大陸投資決策，此一結果歸納為以下之三大意涵：（一）提出理論架構解釋採購決策條件與國際採購族群的關係；（二）提出企業網絡形成與供應鏈管理的關係；（三）由競爭走向競合相關文獻的整理。

Small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) have begun to play a critical role in Chinese economy, society as well as international trade. But, many SMEs of countries usually lack the resources, capabilities, and market power of traditional multinational enterprises compared to their larger rivals. This study is trying to summarize the factors that affect small and medium-size enterprises (SME) globalization strategy types. Limited by its price, quality, delivery, responsiveness, technology, environment, organizational, and industry’s characteristics, medium-size enterprises (SME)’s purchasing strategy will be different.

Environmental changes as the willing to work, increasing costs etc. force the SME to find other alternatives to cut down its cost. Owing to the factors list above, the globalization strategies are different between SME and large enterprises. Taking the degree of control, the risk and cost factors into consideration, this study proposes five major globalization purchasing clusters in SMEs: 1.Time-Delivery Orientation and Technology Approach, 2. Relationship, Service, and Quality Orientation, 3. Core technology & Professionalism Orientation.

中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
致謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
一、 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究問題 5
1.4 LCD產業介紹 6
1.4.1 產業發展簡介及近況 6
1.4.2 LCD產銷動態瞭望 7
1.4.3 未來展望 8
1.5 預期貢獻 9
1.6 論文研究結構與研究步驟 9
二、 文獻探討 10
2.1 產業結構、環境因素、廠商特性與企業經營績效之關係 10
2.2 廠商之組織特性 10
2.2.1 對成本控制的重視 11
2.2.2 組織制度化程度 11
2.2.3 產業結構 11
2.3 環境因素 11
2.3.1 兩地人力素質差異 12
2.3.2 社會/文化因素 12
2.3.3 區位因素 12
2.3.4 政策/法律 12
2.4 組織購買行為理論 13
2.4.1 組織採購的特性 13
2.4.2 組織採購行為之傳統觀點 14
2.4.3 組織採購中心 16
2.4.4 組織採購中心成員之相互關係 17
2.4.5 影響組織採購行為之因素 18
2.5 產業網絡與企業國際化關係 19
2.5.1 產業網絡理論的研究 20
2.5.2 產業網絡的形成與特性 21
2.5.3 產業網絡的優勢 25
2.5.4 企業國際化歷程與動機 26
2.5.5 產業網絡關係與企業國際化之理論與研究 28
2.5.6 高科技產業網絡與中小企業國際化之理論研究 32
2.5.7 台灣高科技產業網絡之國際化 33
三、 研究方法 35
3.1 研究流程 35
3.2 研究架構發展步驟與方法 36
3.3 研究架構 37
3.4 研究對象 38
3.5 研究假設 38
3.6 變數定義 38
3.7 研究工具 39
3.8 問卷編製來源與過程 39
3.9 資料分析方法 40
3.9.1 敘述統計分析 41
3.9.2 信度分析 41
3.9.3 效度分析 41
3.9.4 t-test 42
3.9.5 集群分析 42
3.9.6 單因子變異數分析 43
3.9.7 卡方分析 43
四、 實證分析與研究發現 44
4.1 樣本描述 44
4.1.1 廠商基本資料敘述統計分析 44
4.1.2 受訪廠商主要採購部件 50
4.1.3 採購同一部件之供應商多寡 51
4.1.4 受訪廠商主要採購部件來源國 52
4.1.5 受訪廠商採購部件資本額 53
4.2 問卷之信效度分析 54
4.2.1 信度分析 54
4.2.2 效度分析 56
4.3 企業赴大陸投資設廠決策、主要營業類型、主要採購部件來源國與採購決策條件之關係 58
4.3.1 企業赴大陸投資設廠決策與採購決策條件之關係 58
4.3.2 主要營業類型與採購決策條件之關係 62
4.3.3 主要採購部件來源國與採購決策條件之關係 67
4.4 採購決策因素與國際採購族群之關係 71
4.4.1 企業採購決策影響因素之因素分析 71
4.4.2 國際採購族群的類型之集群分析 75
4.4.3 國際企業特性與採購行為特徵之集群分析與效度檢驗 76
4.5 子廠網絡位置、總部位置（企業國籍）、主要採購部件來源、採購預算與企業赴大陸投資之係 80
4.5.1 子廠網絡位置與企業赴大陸投資決策之關係 81
4.5.2 總部位置（企業國籍）與企業赴大陸投資決策之關係 83
4.5.3 主要採購部件來源與企業赴大陸投資決策之關係 84
4.5.4 採購預算與企業赴大陸投資決策之關係 87
五、 研究結論與建議 89
5.1 研究結論 89
5.2 理論與實務意涵 92
5.2.1 理論意涵 92
5.2.2 實務意涵 93
5.3 研究建議 94
5.3.1 台灣電子業廠商之建議 95
5.3.2 後續研究之建議 97
參考文獻 98
附錄 問卷 104

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