臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文以威廉‧高汀的《蒼蠅王》為研究對象，嘗試探究高汀如何以小說的形式，呈現個人在歷經二次大戰後對於理性及文明的批判？又如何在面對人性「不斷追逐欲望」和「無法克服恐懼」的框架下，建立政治秩序？本論文一方面從高汀的人生經驗進行探究，深入了解二次大戰對於其創作帶來之影響；另一方面則是藉由《蒼蠅王》裡對衝突、紛爭故事情節的描述，進一步釐清與檢視其中所含有對於理性、人性和政治秩序的象徵和觀點，以及建立政治秩序可能的限制。
研究發現，高汀的《蒼蠅王》主要目的在於傳達人性乃處於善與惡界線極易跨越的灰色地帶，因此為了追求政治秩序，強制力是一種有效節制人性且遏止衝突的方式。然而，這樣的作法無論是在國家內部抑或國際社會，仍可能有著以暴制暴的危機，還有缺乏更高層次之約束力的限制存在，使得以強制力追求政治秩序仍面臨挑戰。

In this thesis, I will attempt to explore William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and try to investigate why he criticizes the rationalism and civilization after he personally involved in World War II. Also, we have to figure out how does he reveal the essence of man: Lust and Fear to construct the political order? My thesis will begin with Golding’s personal background, and then try to understand how World War II influences on Golding’s writings. Besides, from the descriptions of the conflict and dispute in the novel, we can catch on to Golding’s view of rationalism, man and political order further. These analyses can help us to clarify what the limitation of constructing political order is.
This research found that Golding considers essence of man as the grey area, and the purpose of writing Lord of the Flies conveys the border between good and evil is easily across. Therefore, for the sake of political order, the deterrence with force seems to be a necessary way to stop the conflict. It seems to be an effective way, but it still has some limitations like the problem of violence in the country and the sanction in the global world. Consequently, the deterrence with force as pursuing political order still faces lots of challenges.

目次
表次v
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻檢閱 6
壹、高汀的創作歷程 6
貳、 蒼蠅王》及其相關評論 11
第三節 章節安排 13
第二章 威廉‧高汀思想的蛻變 15
第一節 理性與知識的反動 16
第二節 文明的困惑 21
第三節 信仰的觀點 24
第四節 小結 27
第三章 《蒼蠅王》裡的理性與激情 29
第一節 《珊瑚島》的惡夢 30
第二節 人性與文明的缺陷 34
第三節 理性與科學之批判 37
第四章 《蒼蠅王》的人性觀 43
第一節 《蒼蠅王》的原罪象徵 44
第二節 人類內心的邪惡之獸 47
第三節 如何面對人性的黑暗面 49
第五章 從《蒼蠅王》探究建立政治秩序之可能 53
第一節 缺乏強制力的危機 54
第二節 強制力與恐懼 59
第三節 以強制力建立政治秩序的限制 63
第四節 小結 64
第六章 結論 67
第一節 研究發現 68
壹、 人世間的理性與激情 69
貳、 以基督教之觀點檢視人性 71
參、 強制力乃建立政治秩序的必要條件 72
第二節 研究心得與未來展望 73
參考書目 77

參考書目
一、西文書目
Ballantyne, R. M. 1990. The coral island: a tale of the Pacific Ocean. Champaign, Ill.: Project Gutenberg.
Biles, Jack I. 1970. Talk: Conversations with William Golding. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Biles, Jack I. 1972. “Literary Sources and William Golding.” South Atlantic Bulletin 37, 2: 29-36.
Carey, Gary. 1987. Cliffs Notes on Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Singapore: John Wiley& Sons.
Carey, John, 2010. William Golding: the man who wrote Lord of the flies. New York: Free Press.
Carey, John, ed. 1986. “William Golding talks to John Carey.” ed. by John Carey. William Golding, the man and his books: A Tribute on His 75th Birthday:171-189. London: Faber and Faber.
Chang, Chi-yu. 1994. “A Study of Hobbesian Pessimism in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.” Master’s Thesis, Arts Graduate Institute of Western Languages and Literature, Tamkang University.
Cooke, Jacob E. 1961. The Federalist. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press.
Cox, C. B. 1963. “Lord of the Flies.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 82-88. New York: Odyssey Press.
Cox, C. B. 1985. “On Lord of the Flies.” ed. by Norman Page. William Golding: novels, 1954-67: Lord of the Flies, The Inheritor, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid: a case book: 115-121. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Crawford, Paul. 2002. Politics and history in William Golding: the world turned upside down. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
Dicken-Fuller, Nicola C. 1990. William Golding’s Use of Symbolism. Lewes, England: Book Guild.
Dickson, L. L. 1991. The Modern Allegories of William Golding. Tampa: University of South Florida Press.
Drew, Philip. 1963. “Second Reading.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 6-7. New York: Odyssey Press.
Gindin, James. 1963. “‘Gimmick’ and Metaphor in the Novels of William Golding.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 132-140. New York: Odyssey Press.
Golding, William. 1982. A Moving Target. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
Golding, William. 2006. Lord of the Flies. New York: Perigee Book.
Green, Peter. 1985. “The World of William Golding.” ed. by Norman Page. William Golding: novels, 1954-67: Lord of the Flies, The Inheritor, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid: a case book: 76-97. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Gregor, Ian. 1986. “’He Wondered’: The religious imagination of William Golding.” ed. by John Carey. William Golding The Man and his Books: A Tribute on his 75th Birthday:84-100. London: Faber and Faber.
Haffenden, John. 1985. Novelists in Interview. London: Mathuen.
Hynes, Sam. 1963. “Novels of a Religious man.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 70-75. New York: Odyssey Press.
Hynes, Samuel. 1964. William Golding. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kearns, Francis E. 1963. “Golding Revisited.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 165-169. New York: Odyssey Press.
Kermode, Frank. 1963. “Coral Islands.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 39-42. New York: Odyssey Press.
Kinkead-Weekes, Mark, and Ian Gregor. 2002. William Golding: A critical study. London: Faber and Faber.
Kinkead-Weeks, Mark and Ian Gregor. 1985. “Approaches to the Inheritors.” ed. by Norman Page. William Golding: novels, 1954-67: Lord of the Flies, The Inheritor, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid: a case book: 122-125. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Lively Penelope. 2003. “O unlucky man.” in http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2003/jan/11/fiction.williamgolding/print. Latest update 14 May 2011.
McEwan, Ian. 1986. “Schoolboys.” ed. by John Carey. William Golding The Man and his Books: A Tribute on his 75th Birthday:157-160. London: Faber and Faber.
Morgenthau, Hans J. 1985. Politics among Nations. New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House.
Moss, Peter. 1985. “Alec Albert Golding 1876-1957.” ed. by John Carey. William Golding The Man and his Books: A Tribute on his 75th Birthday:15-26. London: Faber and Faber.
Niemeyer, Carl. 1963. “The Coral Island Revisited.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 88-94. New York: Odyssey Press.
Oldsey, Bern and Stanley Weintraub. 1963. “Lord of the Flies: Beezlebub Revisited.” College English 25, 2: 90-99.
Page, Norman. 1985. “Golding’s Sources.” ed. by Norman Page. William Golding: novels, 1954-67: Lord of the Flies, The Inheritor, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid: a case book: 101-111. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Pritchett, V. S. 1963. “Secret Parables.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 35-39. New York: Odyssey Press.
Pritchett, V. S. 1985. “Pain and William Golding.” ed. by Norman Page. William Golding: novels, 1954-67: Lord of the Flies, The Inheritor, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid: a case book: 46-50. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Raine, Craig. 1985. “Belly without Blemish: Golding’s sources.” ed. by John Carey. William Golding The Man and his Books: A Tribute on his 75th Birthday:101-109. London: Faber and Faber.
Rosenfield, Claire. 1963. “Men of a smaller growth: A Psychological Analysis of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 121-132. New York: Odyssey Press.
Tiger, Virginia. 1976. William Golding: The Dark Fields of Discovery. London: Marion Boyars.
Vigilant, Jacqueline. 2007. “The Sea is Roaring in My Blood: The Poetry of William Golding.” in http://www.william-golding.co.uk/media/23268/f_vigilanti.pdf. Latest update 27 Oct 2011.
Walters, Margaret. 1963. “Two Fabulists: Golding and Camus.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 95-107. New York: Odyssey Press.
Wang, Yin. 2004. “Public Schoolboys and Empire: A Politicized Reading of Lord of the Flies.” Master’s Thesis of Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures College of Liberal Arts. National Taiwan University.
Wickenden, Dan. 1963. “First Idyll, then Nightmare.” ed. by William Nelson. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Source Book: 8-9. New York: Odyssey Press.
Wolin, S. 1960. Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought. London: George Allen & Unwin.

二、中文書目
太宰治(だざいおさむ)。2009。高詹燦譯《人間失格》。臺北：木馬文化。
克羅迪(Enzo Collotti)。2004。文心譯《希特勒與納粹主義》。香港：三聯書局。
高汀(William Golding)。2011。龔志成譯《蒼蠅王》。臺北：圓神。
霍布斯(Thomas Hobbs)。1995。黎思复等譯《利維坦》。北京：商務。
韋伯(Max Weber)。2004。康樂等人譯《韋伯作品集II：經濟與歷史、支配的類型》。桂林：廣西師範大學。
徐新。1996。《反猶太主義解析》。上海市 : 生活‧讀書‧新知上海三聯書店。
柏林(Isaiah Berlin)。1986。陳曉林譯《自由四論》。臺北：聯經。
柏林(Isaiah Berlin)。2004。彭淮棟譯《現實意識》。臺北：臉譜。
德雷恩(John Drane)。2004。許一新譯《舊約概論》。北京：北京大學。
葉肅科。2007。《社會心理學》。臺北：洪葉。
赫渥德(Andrew Heywood)。2001。楊日青等譯《政治學新論》。臺北：韋伯文化。
王佐良。2006。《英國二十世紀文學史》。北京：外語教學與研究。
張灝。1989。《幽暗意識與民主傳統》。臺北：聯經。
加繆(Albert Camus)。2002。柳鳴九譯《加繆全集‧小說卷》。河北：河北教育。
林語堂。1978。宋碧雲譯《蘇東坡傳》。臺北：遠景。
肖明翰。2000。〈《失樂園》中的自由意志與人的墮落和再生〉。梁工編《聖經與歐美作品作家》：123-137。北京：宗教文化。
張福建。2001。〈在自由主義與共和主義之外：梅迪遜早期憲政思想探索〉。蔡英文、張福建編《自由主義》：25-52。臺北：中研院社科所。
張福建。2007。〈多元主義與合理的政治秩序：羅爾斯《政治自由主義》評釋〉。《政治科學論叢》8：111-132。
張愛玲。2003。《傾城之戀》。臺北：皇冠。

三、報章雜誌、網路資料出處
Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/。
William Golding. http://www.william-golding.co.uk/。
聖經線上目錄 舊約聖經─創世紀。http://www.seewant.org/www/god/bible/genesis.php。
JewishEncyclopedia.com.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=498&letter=B.
New Advent。http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388c.htm.
〈世界童子軍運動的起源〉。
http://abchurch.org.tw/scout/scout&faith/birth.htm。