臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究對Ti49Ni51形狀記憶合金冷軋延及時效處理後之變態行為與機械性質做分析。冷軋後再時效處理的Ti49Ni51，其麻田散體變態受到明顯的抑制，且隨著軋延量越大其變態時之ΔH值越低。經500℃之長時間時效處理後，出現了四個階段的多階相變態(MST)的現象，與其它文獻中至多為三階段的MST不同，其中一階段為B2àR變態，另外的三階段中有二階段為R相變態出現前的B2àM變態，另一階段為R相變態出現後的RàM變態。Ti49Ni51冷軋延後再時效處理的再結晶織構，以平行軋延方向(RD)之<110> α-fiber II為主。與RD夾角不同之各角度拉伸與循環拉伸試驗中，達到4%應變量所需的應力均以夾角為90˚者最大，0˚最小；殘留永久變形之趨勢方面，長時間時效與短時間時效的趨勢則是相反。在循環拉伸實驗中，第25次循環拉伸之應力－應變曲線已呈線性超彈性，且以與RD夾角60˚的遲滯面積最大；在DMA的結果中，長短不同時間時效處理的試片，均在與RD呈60˚的試片中發現有約－70℃左右之弛豫峰，顯示60˚的方向應正是雙晶界面最易移動的方向。在400℃×24h時效處理後，各角度均已呈現100%的形狀記憶效應，顯示織構對Ti49Ni51形狀記憶效應的影響不明顯。

Transformation behaviors and mechanical properties of Ti49Ni51 shape memory alloy after cold rolling and subsequent aging were investigated in this study. After cold rolling and aging, the martensitic transformation of Ti49Ni51 is suppressed. As the rolling reduction increases, transformation ΔH decreases as well. Under 500℃ aging for a long period, it appears a four-step multi-stage transformation (MST), which is not found in previous researches where showed mostly three-step MST. In this four-step MST, one is B2àR, and among the other three steps, two are B2àM and one is RàM. The recrystallization texture of Ti49Ni51 after cold rolling and aging is mostly <110>α-fiber II paralleled to rolling direction (RD). In the tensile test and cyclic test of 4% strain control, the direction being perpendicular to RD (90˚) exhibits the largest stress, while the direction paralleled to RD has the smallest. Besides, the orientation dependence of irrecoverable strain for long-time and short-time aged specimens are in contrast. In the cyclic test, the 25th cyclic stress-strain curve shows the linear-superelasticity, and the specimens directed 60˚ from RD behave the largest hysteresis. In the DMA tests, the same specimens also show a relaxation peak at around -70℃. This indicates that the textured Ti49Ni51 directed in 60˚ from RD has the most easily move of twin boundaries. After 400℃×24h aging, textured Ti49Ni51 specimens in each direction from RD show 100% shape memory effect(SME), which means that the texture has no explicit effect on Ti49Ni51 SME.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
第一章 前 言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 形狀記憶合金簡介 3
2.1.1形狀記憶效應………………………………………….....4
2.1.1.1 熱彈型麻田散體變態 4
2.1.1.2 形狀記憶效應之機制 7
2.1.2 擬（超）彈性 8
2.2 TiNi基形狀記憶合金 10
2.2.1 TiNi的各相與結晶構造 10
2.2.2 TiNi合金的力學行為 12
2.3富鎳TiNi形狀記憶合金與時效析出效應 15
2.4 方位分佈函數(ODF)簡介 21
2.4.1 Eular Angles與Eular Space 22
2.4.2 極圖(Pole Figure)與ODF 26
2.5材料的制震能(DC)與動態機械力分析儀(DMA)簡介 28
第三章 實驗方法 65
3.1合金的配置、熔煉與試片準備 66
3.2軋延方法與設備 67
3.2.1 熱軋延 67
3.2.2冷軋延 67
3.3 DSC量測實驗 68
3.4硬度試驗 69
3.5 DMA量測實驗 69
3.6拉伸試驗與循環拉伸試驗 70
3.7 形狀記憶效應實驗 71
3.8 ODF分析 71
第四章 結果與討論 78
4.1 Ti49Ni51與Ti50Ni50合金軋延性之比較 78
4.1.1熱軋延 78
4.1.2 冷軋延 79
4.2 Ti49Ni51合金冷軋延後再經時效處理之變態行為探討 81
4.2.1 冷軋延後之變態行為 81
4.2.2 冷軋延量與變態的關係 83
4.2.3 冷軋延後之時效處理 83
4.3 Ti49Ni51冷軋延後再時效處理之機械性質探討 91
4.3.1 硬度試驗結果 91
4.3.2 ODF實驗結果 93
4.3.3 拉伸試驗結果 94
4.3.3.1短時間時效(試片(1))之拉伸試驗結果 95
4.3.3.2高溫長時間時效(試片(2))之拉伸試驗結果 96
4.3.3.3試片(1)與試片(2)拉伸試驗結果與討論 97
4.3.3.4 循環拉伸試驗結果與討論 101
4.3.4 DMA實驗結果 103
4.3.4.1相變態、頻率和阻尼的關係 104
4.3.4.2方向性與阻尼的關係 106
4.3.4.3 Storage Modulus (E’)和Young’s Modulus (E) 107
4.3.4 SME實驗結果 108
第五章 結論 148
參考文獻 152

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