臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高強度間歇訓練 ( high-intensity interval training, HIIT ) 為有效提升有氧能力和運動表現之訓練方式，但長時間且負荷較高的間歇運動型態可能會造成心肌生物標記上升，而 CoQ10 的增補具有提升有氧能力及減緩心肌生物標記反應上升的功效。目的：探討 HIIT 訓練期間同時增補 CoQ10 對有氧能力及心肌生物標記反應之影響。方法：以 18 名男性健康成人為對象，將實驗參與者分為 CoQ10 組及安慰劑組，每組各9人。CoQ10 組每天增補300 mg的 CoQ10 持續31 天；安慰劑組則增補同劑量之中鏈三甘油酯。實驗期間進行每週 3 次、每次 4 回合、每回合持續 4 分鐘、休息3分鐘強度為 85 - 95% vVO2peak 的 HIIT共4週。4週的訓練前、後均進行漸增強度跑步測驗，以取得攝氧峰值(VO2peak)、攝氧峰值速度 ( vVO2peak)、運動至力竭時間、心跳率、乳酸等有氧能力；並於漸增強度測驗後進行6回合之 HIIT 測驗 (每回合 4 分鐘強度為85 - 95% vVO2peak、中間穿插 3 分鐘的完全休息)，於HIIT 測驗前、測驗後第 0.5 小時、3 小時、24 小時採集血液樣本以分析肌酸激酶MB型、腦型排鈉利尿胜肽前驅N端及心肌鈣蛋白等心肌生物標記之差異。結果：經過4週訓練與補充後，二組間漸增強度跑步測驗之VO2peak 、vVO2peak、運動至力竭時間及心跳率均無顯著差異，但全體之 vVO2peak、運動至力竭時間及心跳率則有顯著進步 (p＜.05)。實驗前、後二組在測驗後的腦型排鈉利尿胜肽前驅N端及心肌鈣蛋白都顯著高於測驗前 (p＜.05)，但二組間亦無差異。結論：高強度間歇測驗會造成心肌生物標記上升，而4週的 HIIT 可以提升有氧能力但無法適應間歇運動型態造成的心肌損傷，且HIIT期間增補 CoQ10 對有氧能力的提升和抑制心肌生物標記反應皆無效果。

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effectively training way to improve aerobic capacity and athletic performance. Severe and constant-load interval exercise would elevate the cardiac biomarkers responses. The supplementation of coenzyme CoQ10 may enhance the aerobic capacity and slow down the reactions of cardiac biomarkers. Purpose: To investigate the effects of HIIT with CoQ10 supplemented on aerobic capacity and cardiac biomarkers responses. Method: Eighteen healthy adult male were recruited and divided into CoQ10 group and placebo group (nine participants in each groups). Subjects in CoQ10 and placebo groups took 300 mg of CoQ10 or medium-chain triglycerides per day for 31 days. All subjects performed the 4 bouts of running at the intensity of 85 - 95% VO2peak. Each bout lasted for 4 minutes, and separated by 3 minutes of rest. Before and after the training period, all subjects conducted a graded exercise testby treadmill to determine the aerobic capacity variables of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak), velocity at peak oxygen uptake (vVO2peak), time to exhaustion, heart rate and blood lactate concentrations. Subjects also performed 6 bouts of high-intensity interval test (each bout lasting for 4 minutes at the intensity of 85 - 95% VO2peak and rest for 3 minutes). Venous blood samples were drawn at pre-test, 0.5 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours post-test to determine the levels of CK-MB, NT-proBNP, and cTn. Result: There were no significantly different in VO2peak, vVO2peak, time to exhaustion, and heart rate between groups after 4-weeks of training and supplementation. However, the vVO2peak, time to exhaustion, and heart rate for all subjects significantly improved after 4-weeks training (p＜.05). The NT-proBNP and cTnI significantly increased after the high-intensity interval test in both groups and two tests (p＜.05). But there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: High-intensity interval test could induce the elevation of cardiac biomarkers. Four weeks of HIIT can enhance the aerobic capacity but can’t lead to adaptation on cardiac injuries which inducing by intermittent exercise. Moreover, CoQ10 supplementations during HIIT could not improve the aerobic capacity and inhibit the cardiac biomarker responses.

第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 名詞解釋與操作型定義 4
第貳章 文獻探討 6
第一節 高強度間歇訓練 6
第二節 心肌生物標記之特性 9
第三節 COQ10與心臟功能 12
第四節 文獻小結 14
第參章 研究方法 15
第一節 研究對象 15
第二節 實驗設計與方法 16
第三節 資料處理 22
第肆章 結果 23
第一節 有氧能力 24
第二節 心肌生物標記 29
第伍章 討論 34
第一節 四週HIIT對有氧能力的影響 34
第二節 四週高強度間歇訓練對高強度間歇測驗之心肌生物標記反應 36
第三節 COQ10增補對HIIT之效益 38
第陸章 結論與建議 39
參考文獻 40
一、中文部分 40
二、外文部分 40

中文部分
何正峰、石俊益、詹貴惠與王錠堯 (2012)。上坡高強度間歇訓練對籃球運動員有氧能力與下肢動力之影響。大專體育學刊，14(4)，476-482。 doi: 10.5297/ser.1404.008
鄭羽潔與詹貴惠 (2012)。具緩衝作用的營養增補劑對高強度間歇訓練的效果。中華體育季刊，26(3)，299-306。 doi: 10.6223/qcpe.2603.201209.1503

外文部分
Alehagen, U., Johansson, P., Björnstedt, M., Rosén, A., & Dahlström, U. (2012). Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: A 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. International Journal of Cardiology. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156
Alpert, J.S., Thygesen, K., Antman, E., & Bassand, J.P. (2000). Myocardial infarction redefined--a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 36(3), 959-969.
Apple, F. S., Smith, S. W., Pearce, L. A., Ler, R., & Murakami, M. M. (2008). Use of the Centaur TnI-Ultra assay for detection of myocardial infarction and adverse events in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. Clinical Chemistry,, 54(4), 723-728. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.097162
Balsom, P.D., Seger, J.Y., Sjödin, B., & Ekblom, B. (1992). Maximal-intensity intermittent exercise: effect of recovery duration. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 13(07), 528-533.
Belardinelli, R., Muçaj, A., Lacalaprice, F., Solenghi, M., Seddaiu, G., Principi, F., . . . Littarru, G.P. (2006). Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 27(22), 2675-2681.
Beyer, R.E. (1992). An analysis of the role of coenzyme Q in free radical generation and as an antioxidant. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 70(6), 390-403.
Billat, L.V. (2001). Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training. Sports Medicine, 31(1), 13-31.
Bloomer, R.J., Canale, R.E., McCarthy, C.G., & Farney, T.M. (2012). Impact of oral ubiquinol on blood oxidative stress and exercise performance. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012. doi: 10.1155/2012/465020
Bodor, G.S., Porter, S., Landt, Y., & Ladenson, J.H. (1992). Development of monoclonal antibodies for an assay of cardiac troponin-I and preliminary results in suspected cases of myocardial infarction. Clinical Chemistry, 38(11), 2203-2214.
Braun, B., Clarkson, P.M., Freedson, P.S., & Kohl, R.L. (1991). Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance, VO2max, and lipid peroxidation in trained cyclists. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 1(4), 353.
Carranza-Garcia, L.E., George, K., Serrano-Ostariz, E., Casado-Arroyo, R., Caballero-Navarro, A.L., & Legaz-Arrese, A. (2011). Cardiac biomarker response to intermittent exercise bouts. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(5), 327-331. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1263138
Cowie, M. R., Jourdain, P., Maisel, A., Dahlstrom, U., Follath, F., Isnard, R., . . . Francis, G. (2003). Clinical applications of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing. European Heart Journal, 24(19), 1710-1718.
Deminice, R., Trindade, C. S., Degiovanni, G. C., Garlip, M. R., Portari, G. V., Teixeira, M., & Jordao, A. A. (2010). Oxidative stress biomarkers response to high intensity interval training and relation to performance in competitive swimmers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitnes, 50(3), 356-362.
Duttaroy, S., Thorell, D., Karlsson, L., & Borjesson, M. (2012). A single-bout of one-hour spinning exercise increases troponin T in healthy subjects. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 46(1), 2-6. doi: 10.3109/14017431.2011.622783
Edge, J., Bishop, D., & Goodman, C. (2006). The effects of training intensity on muscle buffer capacity in females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(1), 97-105. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-0068-6
Ernster, L. (1984). Mechanism and regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, 24, 313-334.
Gaze, D.C., & Collinson, P.O. (2005). Cardiac troponins as biomarkers of drug- and toxin-induced cardiac toxicity and cardioprotection. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 1(4), 715-725. doi: 10.1517/17425255.1.4.715
Gökbel, H., Gül, I., Belviranl, M., & Okudan, N. (2010). Validity of electromyographic fatigue threshold as a noninvasive method for tracking changes in ventilatory threshold in college-aged men. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(1), 97-102. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819b79bc
Gollnick, P.D., Armstrong, R.B., Saltin, B., Saubert, C.W.T., Sembrowich, W.L., & Shepherd, R.E. (1973). Effect of training on enzyme activity and fiber composition of human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 34(1), 107-111.
Graef, J. L., Smith, A. E., Kendall, K. L., Fukuda, D. H., Moon, J. R., Beck, T. W., et al. (2009). The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 6, 18.
Hall, C. (2004). Essential biochemistry and physiology of (NT-pro)BNP. European Journal of Heart Failure, 6(3), 257-260. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.12.015
Hosoe, K., Kitano, M., Kishida, H., Kubo, H., Fujii, K., & Kitahara, M. (2007). Study on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH ™) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 47(1), 19-28.
Jaffe, A.S., Ravkilde, J., Roberts, R., Naslund, U., Apple, F.S., Galvani, M., & Katus, H. (2000). It's time for a change to a troponin standard. Circulation, 102(11), 1216-1220.
Kendall, K. L., Smith, A. E., Graef, J. L., Fukuda, D. H., Moon, J. R., Beck, T. W., et al. (2009). Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1663-1669.
Kessler, H.S., Sisson, S.B., & Short, K.R. (2012). The potential for high-intensity interval training to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk. Sports Medicine, 42(6), 489-509. doi: 10.2165/11630910-000000000-00000
Kon, M., Tanabe, K., Akimoto, T., Kimura, F., Tanimura, Y., Shimizu, K., . . . Kono, I. (2008). Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q10. The British Journal of Nutrition, 100(4), 903-909. doi: 10.1017/s0007114508926544
Korff, S., Katus, H.A., & Giannitsis, E. (2006). Differential diagnosis of elevated troponins. Heart, 92(7), 987-993.
Laursen, P.B., & Jenkins, D.G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Medicine, 32(1), 53-73.
Mingels, A., Jacobs, L., Michielsen, E., Swaanenburg, J., Wodzig, W., & van Dieijen-Visser, M. (2009). Reference population and marathon runner sera assessed by highly sensitive cardiac troponin T and commercial cardiac troponin T and I assays. Clinical Chemistry, 55(1), 101-108. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.106427
Mizuno, K., Tanaka, M., Nozaki, S., Mizuma, H., Ataka, S., Tahara, T., . . . Watanabe, Y. (2008). Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue. Nutrition 24(4), 293-299. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.007
Nie, J., Tong, T.K., Shi, Q., Lin, H., Zhao, J., & Tian, Y. (2008). Serum cardiac troponin response in adolescents playing basketball. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(6), 449-452. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-989236
Nybo, L., Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M.D., Mohr, M., Hornstrup, T., Simonsen, L., . . . Aagaard, P. (2010). High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventions for promoting health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(10), 1951-1958. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d99203
O'Mathúna, D.P. (2011). Coenzyme Q10 for Heart Disease. Alternative Medicine Alert, 14(3), 25-28.
Poussel, M., Djaballah, K., Laroppe, J., Brembilla-Perrot, B., Marie, P. Y., & Chenuel, B. (2012). Left ventricle fibrosis associated with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in an elite athlete: is exercise responsible? A case report. Journal of Athletic Training 47(2), 224-227.
Sander, S., Coleman, C.I., Patel, A.A., Kluger, J., & Michael White, C. (2006). The impact of coenzyme Q10 on systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12(6), 464-472.
Sarter, B. (2002). Coenzyme Q10 and cardiovascular disease: a review. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(4), 9-20.
Scharhag, J., George, K., Shave, R., Urhausen, A., & Kindermann, W. (2008). Exercise-associated increases in cardiac biomarkers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(8), 1408-1415. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318172cf22
Scharhag, J., Herrmann, M., Urhausen, A., Haschke, M., Herrmann, W., & Kindermann, W. (2005). Independent elevations of N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponins in endurance athletes after prolonged strenuous exercise. American Heart Journal, 150(6), 1128-1134.
Serrano‐Ostáriz, E, Terreros‐Blanco, JL, Legaz‐Arrese, A, George, Keith, Shave, Rob, Bocos‐Terraz, P, . . . Quilez, J. (2011). The impact of exercise duration and intensity on the release of cardiac biomarkers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(2), 244-249.
Shave, R., Baggish, A., George, K., Wood, M., Scharhag, J., Whyte, G., . . . Thompson, P.D. (2010). Exercise-induced cardiac troponin elevation: evidence, mechanisms, and implications. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(3), 169-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.037
Shave, R., George, K., & Gaze, D. (2007). The influence of exercise upon cardiac biomarkers: a practical guide for clinicians and scientists. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 14(13), 1427-1436. doi: 10.2174/092986707780831177
Silver, M. A., Maisel, A., Yancy, C. W., McCullough, P. A., Burnett, J. C., Jr., Francis, G. S., . . . Hollander, J. (2004). BNP Consensus Panel 2004: A clinical approach for the diagnostic, prognostic, screening, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Congest Heart Fail, 10(5 Suppl 3), 1-30.
Singh, U., Devaraj, S., & Jialal, I. (2007). Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Heart Failure. Nutrition Reviews, 65(6), 286-293.
Sylven, J. C., Jansson, E., Brandt, S., & Kallner, A. (1983). Specificity of cardiac enzymes in diagnosis of chest pain in marathon runners. Lancet, 2(8365-66), 1505.
Talanian, J.L., Galloway, S.D., Heigenhauser, G.J., Bonen, A., & Spriet, L.L. (2007). Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(4), 1439-1447. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01098.2006
Thygesen, K., Alpert, J.S., & White, H.D. (2007). Universal definition of myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal, 28(20), 2525-2538. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm355
Troughton, R.W., & Richards, A.M. (2009). B-Type Natriuretic Peptides and Echocardiographic Measures of Cardiac Structure and Function. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 2(2), 216-225. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.12.006
Wang, T.Y., Ho, C.F., Chan, K.H., Lee, W.C., & Hsu, M.C. (2012). Effects of consecutive 7-day high- versus moderate-intensity training on endurance determinants and muscle damage in basketball players. International Federation of Sports Medicine, 13(1), 18-28.
Weston, A.R., Myburgh, K.H., Lindsay, F.H., Dennis, S.C., Noakes, T.D., & Hawley, J.A. (1996). Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after high-intensity interval training by well-trained cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 75(1), 7-13.
Wu, A.H., & Ford, L. (1999). Release of cardiac troponin in acute coronary syndromes: ischemia or necrosis? Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 284(2), 161-174.
Ylikoski, T., Piirainen, J., Hanninen, O., & Penttinen, J. (1997). The effect of coenzyme Q10 on the exercise performance of cross-country skiers. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 18 Suppl, S283-290.
Zhou, S., Zhang, Y., Davie, A., Marshall-Gradisnik, S., Hu, H., Wang, J., & Brushett, D. (2005). Muscle and plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration, aerobic power and exercise economy of healthy men in response to four weeks of supplementation. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(3), 337-346.