臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著通訊網路技術發達，現代人的生活與網路密不可分，對網路使用需求量也日益激增，使網際網路成為全球化商業交易行為的重要平台，此外網路電話(Voice over IP ; VoIP)、視訊會議(Video Conferencing)、隨選視訊(Video on Demand; VoD)等網路多媒體服務的發展，使得網路的流量需求大幅增加，故網路服務品質(Quality of Service; QoS )成為不可忽視的重要議題。
RED(Random Early Detection)方法中，當平均佇列介於最小門檻值和最大門檻值之間時，封包的丟棄率是呈線性關係，可是網路流量和封包丟棄率之間並非呈線性關係。本研究建構一個新式動態佇列管理方法，基於RED的機制之下，在兩個門檻值之間的封包丟棄率，是使用模糊比例-微分-積分-積分控制器來計算出封包的丟棄率，而本方法有著模糊方法對於非線性關係的處理有良好的成效之優點和 可將緩衝區佇列控制在目標值附近。
透過ns2軟體模擬驗證本研究提出的方法並和其它動態佇列管理方法(RED、PI)做衡量與比較。模擬的結果針對頻寬公平性分享、佇列變化、點對點之間的延遲和延遲誤差都有良好的成效和顯著的改善，並改善了DropTail的Look-Out和Full Queue的問題，並解決了RED兩個門檻不易設定的缺點，而計算出來的封包丟棄率更是符合網路流量和佇列之間非線性的變化關係。

As network technique blooming, our livings are facilitated with the networks, which make the internet become an important infrastructure to the global industry transaction. As a result the demands of network bandwidth are increasing because of several communication protocols, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Video conferencing, Video on Demand (VoD), require wideband transmission. Therefore, planning and control for the Quality of Service (QoS) has become a research area. One way to avoiding flow congestion is using Random Early Detection (RED). In RED, when the average queue lies in between Min and Max, packets dropping probability exists a non-linear relationship between flows of network and queues. This research constructed a new active queue manage method. Based on RED mechanism, the packets loss rate between two thresholds is computed by Fuzzy Proportional Integral Integral Derivative. The fuzzy controller has advantages of processing non-linear relationship by using fuzzy algorithm and controlling queues in buffer to be near the target by PIID.
Evaluated the performance of Fuzzy PIID RED was conducted in the study. By simulation using ns2, this study also compared it with some popular AQM methods, such as RED and PI. The result of simulation shows good performance and significant improvement in the field of fairness, queue behavior, delay time of end to end and jitters. The problem concerning Look-Out of DropTail and Full Queue was also improved. The approach solves the problem of the difficulty of setting two thresholds in RED as well. The packets dropping probability using proposed controller also conforms non-linear relationship between flows of network and queues. In summary, Fuzzy PIID RED can control queue behavior effectively.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究範圍與限制 2
1.4 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 壅塞簡介 5
2.2 TCP壅塞控制 7
2.2.1 TCP Tahoe 8
2.2.2 TCP Reno 9
2.2.3 TCP NewReno 11
2.2.4 TCP SACK 11
2.2.5 TCP Vegas 14
2.3 動態佇列管理 15
2.3.1 DropTail 16
2.3.2 RED 18
2.4 控制理論 20
2.4.1 PI控制器 20
2.4.2 PD控制器 21
2.4.3 PID控制器 21
2.4.4 PIID控制器 23
2.5 模糊控制器 25
第三章 研究方法 29
3.1 研究問題描述 29
3.1.1 問題描述與解決方法 30
3.1.2 選擇模擬軟體 31
3.2 方法架構 31
3.3 模糊PIID控制器方塊與參數定義 33
3.4 模糊PIID控制系統之設計 35
3.4.1 定義輸入輸出變數 35
3.4.2 選擇模糊集合圖形 37
3.4.3 決定語義變數歸屬函數 37
3.4.4 決定語意法則 38
3.4.5 推論引擎選擇 40
3.4.6 解模糊化方法 43
3.5 小結 43
第四章 模擬實驗結果 44
4.1 模擬環境架構 44
4.2 佇列變化 45
4.3 端點對端點之間延遲 49
4.4 延遲誤差 53
4.5 流量公平性分析 55
4.5.1 同質性網路 55
4.5.2 異質性網路 59
4.6 平均流量分析 61
4.7 封包遺失率 62
4.8 小結 63
第五章 結論 64
參考文獻 65
附錄 69

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