臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

對影像安全而言，影像加密技術是相當重要的一部分。影像壓縮技術日新月異，其功能已不僅在增加壓縮效率，同時也提供不同的功能特性以因應不同的應用需求。因此，一個有效之影像加解密技術就必須根據影像壓縮技術本身特性而設計。JPEG 2000為一新興之影像壓縮標準，其提供了多樣化的功能以解決現今各種影像之應用上的問題，未來很有可能成為最流行的影像格式。因此，JPEG 2000加密已成為影像安全的熱門研究議題。JPEG 2000的編碼串流有一個重要特性，就是封包資料的兩相鄰位元組必須在十六進位值0000至FF8F之間，如此JPEG 2000標準的解碼器才能對編碼串流正確的解碼，此即為JPEG 2000相容性問題，而一個有效的JPEG 2000影像加密技術均需符合此一特性。本論文提出一基於密碼學技術的JPEG 2000影像加密技術，利用串流加密對JPEG 2000編碼串流進行加密。為了能與JPEG 2000格式相容，本技術將加密後不符合JPEG 2000封包資料格式的位元組進行替換，同時記錄被替換的位元組位置，以作為解密資訊，並利用JPEG 2000語法，將解密資訊嵌入到JPEG 2000編碼串流的檔頭，以利解碼端解碼。實驗結果顯示，本論文所提出之JPEG 2000影像加密技術除了可與JPEG 2000語法完全相容外，並可對JPEG 2000全部的編碼串流加密。亦即本技術具有良好的相容性及安全性。另外，在加密過程中所產生的額外解密資訊的資料量很小，可有效達到壓縮等效性的特性。基於上述之優點，本論文所提出之JPEG 2000影像加密技術可在不同應用中，有效提供JPEG 2000影像之保護。

Image encryption is a very important part for image security. Image compression technologies change with each passing day. They not only improve compression efficiency, but also provide a rich set of features for a variety of applications. Therefore, an efficient image encryption method should be developed according to the characteristics of the compression technique itself. JPEG 2000 is an emerging standard for still image compression. JPEG 2000 provides various functionalities to solve the problems for different image applications and possibly become a most popular image format. Therefore, JPEG 2000 image encryption has become a hot topic for image security. One of the important properties of JPEG 2000 codestream is that the two consecutive bytes in the packet body should be in the interval [0x0000, 0xFF8F] so that a standard JPEG 2000 decoder can exactly decode the JPEG 2000 compressed codestream. This is so called the compatibility of JPEG 2000 and should be followed by an effective JPEG 2000 encryption method. This thesis proposes a cryptography-based JPEG 2000 image encryption technique which uses the stream cipher to encrypt the JPEG 2000 codestream. To be compatible with the syntax of JPEG 2000, the proposed technique replaces the syntax non-compliant bytes with syntax compliant bytes and records the positions of these bytes as the deciphering information. The deciphering information is then embedded in the header of the JPEG 2000 codestream making use of the characteristics of the syntax of the JPEG 2000 to facilitate the decryption in the decoding side. Experimental results show that the proposed JPEG 2000 image encryption scheme not only can be compliant with the syntax of JPEG 2000, but also can encrypt the entire packets of the JPEG 2000 codestream. That is, the proposed technique has good compatibility and security. Moreover, because the extra deciphering information generated in the encryption process is very small, the proposed technique is also compression equivalent. According to the good properties mentioned above, the proposed JPEG 2000 image encryption technique can provide effective protection of JPEG 2000 images in various applications.

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
1. 緖論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機及目的 2
1.3 論文架構 4
2. JPEG 2000影像壓縮技術 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 JPEG 2000編解碼架構 7
2.2.1 前置處理 9
2.2.2 離散小波轉換 12
2.2.3 量化 19
2.2.4 熵編碼 20
2.3 漸進式傳輸模式 26
2.4 編碼串流 28
3. 相容於JPEG 2000之影像加解密技術 31
3.1特定的JPEG 2000影像加解密技術 31
3.1.1 Grangetto等人提出的方法 32
3.1.2 Liu提出的方法 33
3.2 植基於密碼學之JPEG 2000影像加解密技術 34
3.2.1 Wu與Ma提出的方法 35
3.2.2 Wu與Deng提出的方法 36
4. 適用於JPEG 2000之影像加解密技術 38
4.1 加密演算法 38
4.2 解密演算法 42
4.3 相容於JPEG 2000 – Part 1之嵌入技術 43
5. 實驗結果與討論 46
5.1 實驗環境 46
5.2 實驗結果 48
5.3 實驗討論 52
6. 結論與未來研究方向 53
6.1 結論 53
6.2 未來研究方向 54
參考文獻 55
自傳 59

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