臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近十多年來RFID技術之應用越來越普及，讀取器是RFID系統中非常重要的元件，也開始著重在低功耗的議題上。現今的讀取器內的數位訊號處理單元通常是採用微控制器來實現，這些微控制器雖然提供了相當多的低功率模式可供使用，但是在微控制器進入低功率模式之後，是需要有外部中斷發生，也就是須靠使用者送出指令，才能回復到工作模式。本篇論文以數位積體電路設計方法，實現低功率RFID讀取器，並以FPGA進行雛形驗證；為實現低功率之目標，將讀取器的工作模式切割成設定、主動、閒置與使用者模式，並加入一個模式控制功能的模組來觀察目前讀取器的運行狀態來決定當下該執行何種模式，搭配了Gated Clock技術來實作全自動運作的ISO 14443 TYPE A低功率讀取器。由實驗結果可以看到，在本篇論文所實作的低功率讀取器在動態功率消耗的部份能得到約51%的改善率。


關鍵詞：讀取器、低功率設計

Radio Frequency Identification is getting more and more popular in the past ten years. RFID reader plays a major role in the RFID system. The power consumption of RFID reader becomes a very important issue. The digital signal processing unit of reader is usually made of variant of microcontrollers. Although, these microcontrollers provide a lot of low power instructions, but reader back to the working mode by interruption caused by user when reader is working at idle mode. We present a low power strategy with gated clock technique by dividing working mode into four modes, configuration mode, active mode, idle mode and user mode and adding an additional mode-controller to handle transitions between each mode. Finally, we design a low power RFID Reader circuit complies with the ISO 14443 TYPE A standard. Experimental results show that the goal of automatic operation is achieved and reduce about 51% of dynamic power consumption in idle mode.


Keywords: RFID, Reader, Low Power

封面內頁
簽名頁
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 RFID系統 2
1.3 RFID讀取器設計 3
1.4 研究動機 4
1.5 論文大綱 5
第二章 RFID國際標準 6
2.1 RFID非接觸式智慧卡技術標準 6
2.2 ISO 14443 TYPE A非接觸式智慧卡標準 7
2.3 ISO 14443 TYPE A 訊框格式與指令集 8
2.4 ISO 14443 TYPE A 讀取器運作流程 15
2.5 防碰撞機制 16
第三章 低功率方法設計與實現 19
3.1 無低功率RFID讀取器設計 19
3.1.1 運作流程說明 21
3.1.2 硬體架構 24
3.2 低功率RFID讀取器設計 24
3.2.1 低功率管理策略之設計 25
3.2.2 Gated Clock技術 41
3.2.3 硬體架構 41
第四章 系統測試與實驗結果 43
4.1 系統測試 43
4.1.1 實作流程 43
4.1.2 系統測試環境 45
4.1.3 單一卡片識別測試 49
4.1.4 多張卡片識別測試 50
4.1.5 卡片讀取/寫入功能測試 52
4.1.6 穩定度測試 54
4.2 功率消耗 54
第五章 結論 57
5.1 總結 57
5.2 未來發展方向 57
參考文獻 58

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