臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

廢水含氮物質過度排放所造成的水體優養化已成為全球普遍現象，嚴重影響水域生態與供水水質，脫氮處理已逐漸成為廢水處理的必要程序。生物脫氮為目前廢水脫氮程序中的主要技術，其中同時硝化與脫硝(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, SND)生物膜反應器具有體積小、污泥產量低，以及系統穩定等優勢，為近年來受到廣泛研究的廢水脫氮技術。本研究使用人工廢水模擬生活污水，以聚氨酯泡棉做為載體，並採用好氧與厭氧適度區隔的槽體設計，進行廢水脫氮效率與最佳操作參數的探討。研究中所測試的操作條件包括三種不同的反應槽溶氧濃度，1.5、2.5、3.5 mg/L，搭配8孔、12孔、16孔三種隔板開孔數量，總共九組操作條件進行系統脫氮效率比較。研究結果顯示，隔板開孔數為12孔，溶氧濃度2.5 mg/L時達到系統最佳脫氮效率。使用最佳操作條件進行長期試驗顯示，系統中總溶解性無機氮的去除率為54.6 ± 4.8 %，化學需氧量去除率為92.9 ± 2.7 %。研究結果顯示本聚氨酯泡棉SND反應器為一個操作簡單效率穩定，且具有廢水脫氮及有機物去除功能的生物反應器。

The discharge of excessive nutrients has caused eutrophication of surface waterbodies throughout the world. Nutrient removal has become a necessary procedure for wastewater treatment. In nitrogen removal, biological processes are currently the major technology employed in wastewater treatment. Biofilm technologies has been extensive studied for use in nitrogen removal from wastewater. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) using biofilm reactors has the advantage of small size, low sludge production, and system stability. In this study, a biological aerated filter (BAF) was designed for the study of SND in attached growth systems. Synthetic domestic wastewater was used as feeding water, with polyurethane foams used as biological carriers. The reactor was divided in to an aerobic and an anaerobic compartments to facilitate SND. The efficiency of the system and optimal operating parameters were explored. The study tested three different dissolved oxygen concentrations (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mg / L) with three different degrees of tank separation (8, 12, and 16 connecting holes). With a factorial design, the nitrogen removing efficiency of nine operating conditions were compared. The system reached an optimum nitrogen removal under the condition of 12 holes and dissolved oxygen of 2.5 mg/L. Long-term test using the optimal conditions showed that the removal rate is 54.6 ± 4.8 % for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and 92.9 ± 2.7 % for COD. The study shows that a BAF using polyurethane foams is a simple, stable, and effective bioreactor for nitrogen removal. It is capable of simultaneously removing organic matters and nitrogen from wastewater.

目錄
摘要
Abstract
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 前言
1.1 研究緣起
1.2 研究目的
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 廢水生物處理方法
2.1.1 活性汙泥法
2.1.2 固定膜生長程序
2.2 生物脫氮程序
2.2.1 硝化與脫硝
2.2.2 氧限制自營性硝化脫硝
2.2.3 厭氧氨氧化
2.2.4 短程硝化脫硝
2.2.5 同時硝化脫硝
2.3 固定床生物膜法之同時硝化脫硝
2.3.1 固定膜生物濾床之載體
2.3.2 各類型生物載體使用情形
2.3.3 聚氨酯泡棉載體使用情形
2.3.4 聚氨酯泡棉做為同時硝化脫硝之生物載體
2.3.5 聚氨酯泡棉生物載體效率之影響因子
第三章 實驗材料和方法
3.1 系統配置及載體規格
3.1.1 系統配置
3.1.2 載體規格
3.1.3 人工廢水特性
3.2 研究方法
3.2.1 試驗流程
3.2.2 採樣與水質分析
3.2.3 數據分析
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 DIN做為系統脫氮效率指標
4.2 系統最佳設計與操作條件
4.2.1 各種溶氧與內外槽交換條件組合之效率
4.2.2 最佳溶氧之確認試驗
4.2.3 反應器負荷
4.3 系統效率各影響因子之顯著性
4.3.1 溶氧與擴散孔數目影響之顯著性
4.3.2不同條件組合下系統效率差異之顯著性
4.4 系統之長期效率試驗
第五章 結論與建議
5.1 結論
5.2 建議
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