臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨在於研究用於風力發電之最大功率追蹤控制器，俾能快速追蹤風力發電輸出之最大功率點。風力機之機械能轉換成電能的轉換方式採用交流發電機，直接與風車連接同軸旋轉。本文最大功率追蹤法是計算目前風力機所產生的功率，判斷目前運轉點是否接近最大功率點。當遠離最大功率點時，採用比較斜率法追蹤速度快之優點，快速接近最大功率點。當接近最大功率點時，採用三點權位法不易擾動之優點，使運轉點保持在最大功率點附近。結合兩種方法的優點，有效減少追蹤時間以及不易產生擾動，提升風力發電的能源轉換效率。
為了驗證本追蹤方法，本論文製作用於風力發電之盤式無鐵心永磁發電機，此類型發電機無鐵心結構，因此具有高效率及高功率質量比。藉由最大功率追蹤控制器並搭配此類型發電機，提高風能使用效率。
最後，系統以微處理器晶片PIC18F4520為核心，配合周邊驅動電路及適切的軟體控制，來達到最大功率追蹤之目標，並驗證所提出的理論。

The purpose of this thesis is to research the maximum wind power tracker. The tracker can rapidly track the maximum wind power point. A generator direct connected with wind turbine coaxial rotating transforms mechanical energy into electric energy. This tracking rule calculates wind generator output power for judging the operation point whether near the maximum power point or not. When operation point is distant from the maximum power point, the tracker adopts slope-comparing method having high tracking speed to approach maximum power point. When operation point is close to the maximum power point, the tracker adopts three-point-weighting method keeping operation point near the maximum power point. The proposed tracker can reduce tracking time and keep operation stable.
In order to prove this maximum power tracker, the coreless disc permanent-magnet of generator for wind generator is implemented in this thesis. Because of non-core structure, this generator has high efficiency and high power to weight ratio.
Finally, a hardware scheme consisting of single-chip microprocessor, PIC18F4520, is used in this system, and an experimental hardware scheme with software algorithm is established to prove the proposed principle in expectation to attain the maximum power tracking.

中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅱ
致謝Ⅲ
目錄Ⅳ
圖目錄Ⅶ
表目錄Ⅹ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及方法2
1.3 論文大綱5
第二章 風力發電介紹6
2.1　.風力發電原理6
2.2 .風車種類及特色8
2.2.1 水平軸風車8
2.2.2 垂直軸風車 9
2.3 風力發電機種類 10
2.3.1 交流發電機
2.3.2 感應發電機 10
2.3.3 永久磁鐵發電機 11
2.3.4 盤式無鐵心發電機 11
2.4 本文風力發電電路架構12
2.4.1三相橋式整流 12
2.4.2升降壓轉換器13
第三章 盤式無鐵心發電機介紹16
3.1 發電機感應電壓 16
3.2 盤式無鐵心永磁發電機20
3.2.1 盤式無鐵心永磁發電機構造 20
3.2.2 盤式無鐵心永磁發電機感應電壓23
3.2.3 盤式無鐵心永磁發電機優點27
第四章 最大功率追蹤方法29
4.1 擾動觀察法29
4.2 比較斜率法32
4.3 三點權位法35
4.4 本文所提方法39
第五章 硬體架構及程式流程42
5.1 本論文硬體架構42
5.1.1 功率開關驅動電路42
5.1.2 電壓及電流回授電路44
5.1.3 PIC18F4520微處理器45
5.2 本論文程式流程46
第六章 實驗數據及追蹤結果49
6.1 風力發電功率曲線量測49
6.2 固定負載下實測結果52
6.3 負載變動下實測結果58
6.4 風力變化實測結果65
6.5 最大功率追蹤應用於電池充電實測結果68
第七章 結論74
7.1 結論74
7.2 未來目標74
參考文獻75

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