臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文之主要目的在透過有限元素分析，探討貨櫃船船艏bow flare在波擊及plunge現象時之結構強度；在數值解析方面，利用有限元素分析軟體MSC/Patran和Nastran作為分析工具。

在波擊現象中，本文以一實際受損貨櫃船做為樣本船，利用此樣本船結構所建立之有限元素分析模型，作為分析對象，並且參照文獻及法規資料，了解波擊壓力大小及波擊作用時間，設計多組不同之局部動態波擊負荷，對其進行結構應力分析，最後比較分析結果與實際失效結構之關係，可以約略知道實際負荷可能的範圍。

在plunge(艏潛)情況中，以同一貨櫃船做為樣本船，本文引入船體慣性力的方式，來修正勞式驗船協會(LR)對現象所提供的計算方式，消除LR法不合理之拘束條件，以達更真實的情形。藉由本研究方法之分析結果，可作為日後船體結構設計時之考量依據。

The purpose of this article is to study the strength of containership due to bow flare slamming and plunge by using FEA (finite element analysis). In the numerical analysis, finite element software, MSC/Patran and Nastran are used to be the analytic tools.

In slamming case, an actual containership with damage in bow structures is used as the sample ship, using the established FE (finite element) model including bow structures as an analytic target .Refer to the rules of classification society and references to know the wave impact pressure and duration time of wave impact, and then design different wave impact situations applied to the bow flare. Comparing the results of the analysis with the actual damaged part of the bow structure, we can know the real wave impacts, approximately.

In plunge case, the sample ship is same as slamming case. This article takes the inertial force of the ship structure into consideration to modify the method provided from LR. Eliminating unreasonable constrained conditions of the LR method to achieve a much more realer phenomenon. Referring to the results obtained from this research approach, use it as the basis for the design of ship structures in the future.

誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 論文架構 5
第二章 波擊負荷下之BOW FLARE結構強度分析法 6
2.1 實船破損情況介紹 6
2.2 動態波擊負荷 10
2.3 動態分析理論[27,28] 13
2.4 數值分析方法 19
2.4.1 靜態分析 20
2.4.2 暫態分析: 21
2.5 結構分析模型介紹 27
2.5.1 模型所用之元素 27
2.5.2 船艏模型介紹 30
2.5.3 邊界條件 31
2.5.4 負荷情況 32
第三章 PLUNGE時船艏結構強度分析法 35
3.1 PLUNGE現象說明 35
3.2 靜水壓負荷 37
3.3 結構分析 38
3.3.1 分析模型 38
3.3.2 邊界條件 40
3.3.3 負荷條件 41
第四章 平板波擊反應之理論及數值方法驗證 47
4.1 單自由度系統之動態衝擊反應[31] 47
4.2 四邊簡支平板理論[31] 50
4.2.1 四邊簡支平板受垂向負荷之靜態反應理論解 50
4.2.2 四邊簡支平板之動態反應理論解[31,32] 52
4.3 平板動態反應之有限元素分析 55
4.3.1 Patran / Nastran在平板解析之驗證 56
第五章 分析結果與討論 63
5.1 波擊下之結構強度分析 63
5.1.1 分析結果 63
5.2 PLUNGE時之結構強度分析 81
第六章 結論與未來建議 87
6.1 結論 87
6.2 未來建議 88
參考文獻 89

[1] Von Karman, “ The Impact on Seaplane Floats During Landing” , Technical Report, NACA TN321, 1929
[2] Wagner H., “ Uber Stoss-und Gleitvogange an der Oberflache von Flussigkeiten ” , Zeitschrift f. Angew. Math und Mech. , 12, pp.193-235, 1932
[3] Chuang, S. L. “ Experiments on slamming of wedge-shaped bodies ” , Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 11, 1967
[4] Zhao, R., Faltinsen, O.M., Aarnes, J., “ Water entry of arbitrary two-dimensional sections with and without flow separation ” , Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 118–132, 1996
[5] Mei X., Liu Y., Yue D.K.P., “ On the water impact of general two-dimensional sections ” , Applied Ocean Research 21, pp.1–15, 1999
[6] Ochi, M.K. and Motter, L.E., “ Prediction of Extreme Value of Impact Pressure Associated with Ship Slamming ” , Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 13, no.2, June 1969
[7] Ochi, M.K. and Motter, L.E., “ Prediction of Slamming Characteristics and Hull Response for Ship Design ”, Transaction of Society Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1973
[8] Norman Jones, “ Slamming Damage ”, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.17, no.2, pp. 80-86, June 1973
[9] Makoto Arai, Liang-Yee Cheng, and Yoshiyuki Inoue, “ A Computing Method for the Analysis of Water Impact of Arbitrary Shaped Bodies “, Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan, Vol.176, pp. 233-240, 1994

[10] Schumann C., “ Volume-of-fluid Computations of Water Entry of Bow
Sections ” , Proceedings of EUROMECH 374, April, 1998.
[11] Wu G. X., Sun H., He Y. S., “ Numerical simulation and experimental study of water entry of a wedge in free fall motion ” , J. Fluids and Structures, Vol 19, pp. 277-289,2004
[12] Sames P.C., Schellin T.E., Muzaferija S., Perić M., “Application of a Two-Fluid Finite Volume Method to Ship Slamming ”, 17th Int. Con. Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, July, 1998.
[13] T.A. Waniewski, C.E. Brennen, and F. Raichlen, “ Bow Wave Dynamics ”, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.46, no.1, pp.1-15, March 2002
[14] Chung-Ping Chen, and Chun-Hsien Wu, “ A Direct Calculation Study of a Ship Bottom Slamming Case ”, TEAM 2007,Yokohama, Japan, Sept. 10-13, 2007
[15] Ge Wang, Shaojie Tang, and Yung Shin, “ A Direct Calculation Approach for Designing a Ship-Shaped FPSO’s Bow Against Wave Slamming Load ”, International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Kitakyushu, Japan, pp.163-168, May 26-31, 2002
[16] Kenneth Weems, Sheguang Zhang, Woei-Min Lin, James Bennet, “ Structural Dynamic Loadings Due to Impact and Whipping ”, Practical Design of Ships and Mobile Units, pp.79-85
[17] Yoshitaka Ogawa, Ryoju Matsunami, and Makato Arai, “ The Effect of a Bow Flare Shape on the Water Impact Pressure ”, International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol.16, no.2, pp.112-117, June 2006
[18] Tomoki Maeda, Akio Ito, and Yu Takeda, “ Strength Evaluation of Post-Panamax Containership Bow Subjected to Wave Impact Loads using CFD and FEM ”, TEAM Conference 2005, Singapore, pp.146-151, December 5-8, 2005
[19] Man-Soo Kim, Hae-Kun Yoo, Chan-Ho Shin, and Hyung-Min Do, “ Design Load, Structural Safety Evaluation and Design Standard Thesis of Bow Flare for 60M Beam VLCC ”, TEAM Conference 2005, Singapore, pp.283-300, December 5-8, 2005
[20] Greenspon, J.E., “ Sea Tests of the U.S.C.G.C. Unimak, Part3 ”, D.T.M.B. Report 978, March 1956
[21] Ochi, M.K., “ Slamming-Hydrodynamic Impact Between Waves and Ship Bottom Forward ”, Fluid-Solid Interaction, pp. 223-240, 1967
[22] Evans, J.H., “ Preliminary Design Estimation of Hull Girder Response to Slamming ” , SNMAE Transactions, Vol. 90, pp.55-83, 1982
[23] 勞氏驗船協會，Rulefinder Version 9.7，January 2007
[24] MSC Nastran Version 63, “ MSC/NASTRAN Handbook for Dynamic analysis ”, The MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation, 1983
[25] MSC.Nastran Version 68, Numerical Methods, User’s Guide，1997
[26] MSC.Nastran Version 68, Basic Dynamic Analysis, User’s Guide，1997
[27] Ray W. Clough, Joseph Penzien, “Dynamics of Structures ”, McGraw-Hill, 1975
[28] 陳正宗、邱垂鈺、黃志勇、林信立、全湘偉、韓文仁、秦無忝，“ 有限元素分析與工程實例- MSC/NASTRAN軟體應用 ”，北門出版社，1996
[29] 吳佳璋、黃俊銘，“ MSC.FEA (MSC. Patran + MSC Nastran) 有限元素結構分析基礎與實例演練 ”，全華出版社，2006
[30] 李雅榮，“ 船舶、海洋結構學 ”，國立台灣大學工程科學及海洋工程所教材，2006
[31] 李雅榮，“ 基礎結構學 ”，國立台灣大學工程科學及海洋工程所教材，2009
[32] 黃建樺，“ 複合積層板殼之低速衝擊破壞特性研究 ”，國立台灣大學造船及海洋工程學研究所博士論文，2002
[33] 高逸誌，“ Bow Flare波擊力作用下之艏結構強度分析 ”，國立台灣大學造船及海洋工程學研究所碩士論文，2008