臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

桃園沿岸有全臺灣面積最大的藻礁地形，而在沿岸生態系中無脊椎動物相當重要，為許多高階動物的食物來源，影響高階動物的分布及豐度。本研究沿桃園藻礁海岸在四個樣區各設置兩條固定穿越線，從2012年9月至2013年6月進行底棲無脊椎動物中底表動物(epifauna)及底內動物(infauna)種類、分布及豐度的調查。在桃園藻礁共發現了64種無脊椎動物類群。底表動物豐度介於0-73 ind. m-2，底內動物豐度介於933-8866 ind. m-2，在各樣區間動物豐度及類群數具有顯著差異，季節之間，以春夏季時動物豐度較高，新屋溪口樣區(SW)底表動物豐度最高，大潭電廠樣區(DT)動物類群數最多。桃園藻礁底表動物主要以腹足綱為優勢，底內動物則以多毛綱為主，底表動物的軟甲綱在DT豐度較高，多板綱在DT及SW春季時較為優勢。樹林子海濱樣區(SL)底表動物豐度及類群數皆最低，而底內動物物種組成也不同，以端足目及等足目較為優勢。比較藻礁與礫石灘底表動物，發現礫石灘動物豐度較高，雖然兩者動物組成並無顯著差異，但礫石灘缺少藻礁礁體內所具有的底內動物。整體而言，動物豐度在春夏季時較高，樣區之間以SW及DT動物豐度及類群數皆較高，SW及DT藻礁狀況較佳，而SL受汙水影響，而觀音海水浴場樣區(GY)受漂沙影響，此兩樣區無脊椎動物類群數及豐度皆較低，因此汙染及漂沙是影響桃園藻礁底棲無脊椎動物豐度及組成的主要環境因子。

Algal reefs located in Taoyuan have the largest cover area in Taiwan. Invertebrates are important in coastal ecosystems, they are foods for high consumers and affect high consumers’ distribution and abundance. There were four sampling area along the coast of Taoyuan, including Sinwu river (SW), Datan power plant (DT), Guanyin beach (GY) and Shulinzih (SL). In this four sampling area, two transects of each area were surveyed for the distribution and abundance of epifauna in four seasons of a whole year from September 2012 to June 2013. In addition, a piece of reef was sampled at different elevation sites (high, medium and low) along the transects in each area for the survey of infauna. In total, 64 taxa of invertebrate were identified during the study period. Total abundance of epifauna ranged from 0-73 ind. m-2, and that of infauna ranged from 933-8866 ind. m-2. The highest abundance of epifauna was observed at SW, but the highest taxon number was found at DT. The most dominant species of epifauna was gastropods and the most dominant species of infauna was polychaetes. Higher abundance of malacostracans was found in DT. Polyplacophoras abundance was higher in the spring of DT and SW. The highest abundance and taxon number of infauna was at DT. However, the lowest abundance and taxon number of benthic invertebrates was observed at SL. The community composition was different from those of other sampling area. There were no significant differences of community composition between gravel beach and algal reefs. Our results showed the algal reefs at SL was heavily polluted and those at GY was disturbed by frequent sedimentation. It is clear that pollution and sedimentation is the major influencing factors on the benthic invertebrates inhabiting algal reefs along the coast of Taoyuan.

摘要 …………………………………………………………………………….……..i
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….………ii
目次 ………………………………………………………………………….………iii
表次 …………………………………………………………………………………..v
圖次 ……………………………………………………………………………….…vi
第一章 前言 …………………………………………………………………….…...1
1. 沿岸生態系 ………………………………………………………………...1
2. 殼狀珊瑚藻的分布及藻礁的形成 ………………………………….……..1
3. 殼狀珊瑚藻的功能 ……………………………………………….………..3
4. 無脊椎動物生態及重要性 ………………………………………………...4
5. 桃園藻礁面臨的危機 ……………………………………………………...5
6. 研究動機與目的 …………………………………………………………...6
第二章材料方法 ………………………………………………………………….….7
1. 研究地點 ……………………………………………………………….…..7
1.1 桃園藻礁 ……………………………………………………….…..7
1.2 採樣時間及樣區、穿越線設置 ……………………………….…..7
2. 採樣方法 ……………………………………………………………….…..9
2.1環境因子 ……………………………………………………….…...9
2.1.1水質 ………………………………………………….………9
2.1.2光遞減係數 ..…………………………...…………………..10
2.1.3營養鹽 ……………….……………………………………..10
2.2生物因子 …………………………………………………………..11
2.2.1無脊椎動物採樣 …………………………………………...11
2.2.2底表動物 ..…….…………………………………….……...11
2.2.3底內動物 .……….………………………………………….11
2.2.4無脊椎動物的計數及鑑種 …………………..……….……11
2.2.5大型藻類調查 …………………………………...…….…...12
3. 統計分析 …………………………………...……………………………..13
3.1 雙向變方分析 …………………………………………………….13
3.2 無脊椎動物類群分析 …………………………………………….13
第三章 結果 ………………………………………………………………………..16
1. 環境因子及藻類覆蓋率 ………………………………………………….16
1.1 水溫 ……………………………………………………………….16
1.2 鹽度 ……….………………………………………………………16
1.3 溶氧 ……….…...………………………………………………….16
1.4 酸鹼值 …..………..……………………………………………….16
1.5光遞減係數 ………………………………………………………..16
1.6磷酸鹽濃度 ………………………………………………………..17
1.7銨鹽濃度 …………………………………………………………..17
1.8亞硝酸鹽及硝酸鹽濃度 …………………………………………..17
1.9殼狀珊瑚藻及大型藻類覆蓋率 ……………………………...…...17
2. 底棲無脊椎動物 ………………………………………………………….22
2.1無脊椎動物類群 …………………………………………………..22
2.2桃園藻礁各樣區無脊椎動物豐度 ………………………………..22
2.2.1底表動物豐度 ……………………………………………...22
2.2.2底內動物豐度 …………………………………………...…23
2.3桃園藻礁各樣區無脊椎動物組成 ………………………………..33
2.3.1底表動物組成 …………………………………………...…33
2.3.2底內動物組成 ………………………………………...……34
3. 藻礁與礫石灘比較 ……………………………………………………….43
3.1 底表動物豐度 …………………………………………………….43
3.2 底表動物組成 …………………………………………………….43
第四章 討論 ………………………………………………………………………..48
1. 環境特性 ………………………………………………………………….48
2. 無脊椎動物豐度 ………………………………………………………….49
2.1 底表動物豐度 …………………………………………………….49
2.2 底內動物豐度 …………………………………………………….51
3. 藻礁狀況與底棲無脊椎動物豐度及組成 ……………………………….53
4. 藻礁與礫石灘比較 ……………………………………………………….55
5. 其他沿岸棲地比較 ……………………………………………………….56
第五章 結論 ……………………………………………………………………………………………61
第六章 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………………62
第七章 附錄 ……………………………………………………………………………………………70
1. 桃園藻礁底棲無脊椎動物照片 ………………………………………70
2. 桃園藻礁動物鑑種名錄 ……………………………………………………75
3. 桃園藻礁底棲無脊椎動物單位面積生物量 …………………77
第八章 會議記錄 ……………………………………………………………………………………80

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