臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要

學號：N9622020 總頁數：86
論文名稱：臺東縣土雞傳染性滑膜炎流行病學調查
學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學
系(所)：熱帶農業暨國際合作研究系(所)碩士在職專班
畢業時間及摘要別：九十八年度第一學期碩士學位論文摘要
研究生：邱任賦 指導教授：廖明輝 教授
論文摘要內容：
雞隻傳染性滑膜炎(Infectious Synovitis)的主要病原Mycoplasma synoviae，在黴漿菌的分類上是屬於Type S。自93年起至97年統計本縣近五年來檢驗家禽病例共224件，家禽關節炎的病例數有72件，其中傳染性滑膜炎即佔關節炎病例約45%(32件)。死亡率雖不高(少於1%)，但其發生率極高，雞隻常因關節炎而導致運動障礙、消瘦及生長不良等症狀使淘汰率升高，造成有色肉雞經濟損失的重要原因之ㄧ，因而造成養禽戶損失嚴重。本次研究藉由血清學檢查Mycoplasma synoviae感染情形，93-97年陽性率22.7％～100％。96-97年進行雛雞採檢，於入場約50日齡時進行後續追蹤，成功分離出96C03.04.05.09及97C02.06.13.14共8株Mycoplasma synoviae，經基因序列與GeneBank中登錄為AE017245.1的Mycoplasma synoviae 53比對後相似度為96.2%～99.5%。選定10場在94-97年間感染Mycoplasma synoviae進行相關資料彙整，發現若降低平均飼養隻數則有助降低感染率。此外，統計94-97年間病例，亦可發現平均飼養隻數降低，病例數亦隨之降低，反之則病例數增加。93-97年送檢病例統計結果病例多集中在3-5月及9-11月間，好發於養禽場集中之地區，發病雞齡以1-2月齡偏多。

關鍵字：傳染性滑膜炎、關節炎、流行病學

Abstract
Infectious synovitis (IS) is caused by Mycoplasma synoviae that belongs to type S group of Mycoplasma classification . In this study , 224 cases of avian diseases were recorded in 5 years (2004～2008) . Among them , 72 cases were avian arthritis , and 32 out of the 72 cases (45％) were caused by IS . Although the mortality rate of IS is low , the incidence remains very high . Clinical signs of the affected chickens include motion disabilities , weakness , and poor growth performance . This is one of the most important economical losses for poultry breeders . In this study , serological analysis was used to moniter the situation of infections induced by Mycoplasma synoviae , The ratios of positive from 2004 to 2008 varied from 22.7％ to 100％ . By tracing the day-old chicks for 50 days , 8 different groups of Mycoplasma synoviae were isolated successfully . Comparative analysis of the genomes from this study and 53 Mycoplasma synoviae genomes from the GeneBank (AE017245.1), indicated high similarity of 96.2%～99.5% . Data form 10 farms that were infected with Mycoplasma synoviae between 2005-2008 showed that decreasing the number of chickens can reduce the rate of infection greately . Statistical analysis of the cases form 2005-2008 , confirmed this finding . The incidence of this disease tends to increase from March to May and September to November . Those farms with a high density had higher disease outbreaks and more incidences in chicken between 1 to 2 months old .

Keywords: Infectious Synovitis, arthritis,Epidemiology

目錄


中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
英文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
誌謝-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
圖表索引-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅶ
第1章 緒言----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第2章 文獻回顧----------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1黴漿菌---------------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.2黴漿菌的特性------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.3黴漿菌的分類-家禽致病性種類及血清型--------------------------------5
2.4 M. gallisepticum----------------------------------------------------------------6
2.4.1 M. gallisepticum歷史回顧---------------------------------------------6
2.4.2 M. gallisepticum的型態及培養特性---------------------------------6
2.4.3 M. gallisepticum的生化、化學及物理特性--------------------------7
2.4.4 M. gallisepticum的抗原特性------------------------------------------7
2.4.5 M. gallisepticum的免疫及預防控制---------------------------------8
2.5 M. synoviae---------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.5.1 M. synoviae歷史回顧---------------------------------------------------9
2.5.2 M. synoviae的型態及培養特性---------------------------------------9
2.5.3 M. synoviae的生化、化學及物理特性-----------------------------10
2.5.4 M. synoviae的抗原特性-----------------------------------------------10
2.5.5 M. synoviae的免疫及預防控制--------------------------------------11
2.6 M. synoviae流行病學--------------------------------------------------------12
2.6.1流行及分布--------------------------------------------------------------12
2.6.2天然宿主及實驗宿主--------------------------------------------------13
2.6.3傳播模式-----------------------------------------------------------------13
2.6.4感染率與致死率--------------------------------------------------------14
2.7 M. synoviae制病機制--------------------------------------------------------14
2.8 M. synoviae之病變-----------------------------------------------------------16
2.9 M. synoviae偵測及分離鑑定-----------------------------------------------16
2.9.1血清學檢查--------------------------------------------------------------16
2.9.1.1血清平板凝集試驗(serum plate agglutination:SPA-test)---16
2.9.1.2血球凝集抑制試驗(HI-test)------------------------------------17
2.9.1.3酵素結合免疫吸附試驗(ELISA-test)-------------------------17
2.9.1.4免疫墨點試驗(Immuno-Dot:ID-test)--------------------------17
2.9.2分子生物學檢查-----------------------------------------------------18
2.9.2.1聚合酶連鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction：PCR)及反轉
錄聚合酶連鎖反應(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction：RT -PCR)及其應用----------------------------------18
第3章 材料方法--------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1病例之彙集--------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.2初步微生物培養及鑑定-----------------------------------------------------20
3.3血清學檢查--------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.3.1血清採集-----------------------------------------------------------------20
3.3.2血清平板凝集試驗-----------------------------------------------------20
3.3.2.1平板凝集用抗原製備--------------------------------------------21
3.3.2.2平板凝集試驗操作-----------------------------------------------21
3.4雛雞採樣-----------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.5黴漿菌病原分離--------------------------------------------------------------22
3.5.1肺臟組織培養-----------------------------------------------------------22
3.5.2關節囊液培養-----------------------------------------------------------23
3.6培養液DNA萃取------------------------------------------------------------24
3.7引子對之設計-----------------------------------------------------------------24
3.8聚合酶連鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction：PCR)--------------------25
3.9 PCR產物之確認-------------------------------------------------------------26
3.10序列親緣性之比對---------------------------------------------------------26
第4章 結果--------------------------------------------------------------------------27
4.1家禽防疫相關資料之彙整--------------------------------------------------27
4.1.1家禽病例資料彙整-----------------------------------------------------27
4.1.2傳染性滑膜炎病例後續追蹤-----------------------------------------27
4.1.3家禽傳染性滑膜炎病例之治療藥物資料彙整--------------------28
4.1.4家禽防疫輔導成果彙整-----------------------------------------------48
4.2化膿性關節炎病例與自行研究之菌株彙集-----------------------------48
4.3外觀及肉眼解剖病變檢查--------------------------------------------------57
4.4組織病理學變化--------------------------------------------------------------57
4.5微生物培養與初步鑑定-----------------------------------------------------57
4.6平板凝集試驗-----------------------------------------------------------------61
4.7聚合酶連鎖反應檢測--------------------------------------------------------61
4.8 PCR產物之定序及序列親緣性之比對------------------------------------64
第5章 討論--------------------------------------------------------------------------66
第6章 參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------71
作者簡介-------------------------------------------------------------------------------86

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