臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在口腔醫學臨床診斷利用共振頻率來檢測牙科植體與齒槽骨間之癒合程度，係取其非侵入性與非破壞性的優點，近年來成趨勢，然其再現性與精確性仍未盡完善。因此本研究利用共振聲頻檢測技術開發新型牙科植體穩固度檢測裝置，配合臨床使用上安全性及安裝便利性之要求，設計一小型檢測裝置能完全置入口中並能由口外進行遙控操作，並以壓電陶瓷片裝備於機構化的衝擊錘尾端為設計主軸，使得衝擊瞬間能產生激振訊號，而以此訊號觸發(Trigger)系統執行量測，並即時(Real time)利用麥克風將牙科植體被激發之振動訊號傳回頻譜分析儀進行訊號處理，再利用快速傅立葉(FFT)轉換程式分析振動反應與判讀，找出牙科植體系統的反應頻譜與共振頻率。先利用自製壓電陶瓷衝擊錘對模態測試專用敲擊錘進行衝擊，兩者所得數據以迴歸法分析並作為校正依據，其r2為0.9848 (p<0.005)，具明顯相關性，驗證自製壓電陶瓷衝擊錘之量測精確性、再現性與動態響應皆能符合模態測試技術之要求。繼而設計植體骨癒合與外露高度之離體模擬實驗進一步驗證此一新型檢測裝置能否有效偵測牙科植體與齒槽骨固持狀態之共振頻率，並以本研究室過去一系列傳統模態測試法進行比較驗證。利用虎鉗挾持牙科植體進行量測，以模擬植入後之穩固度變化，當挾持扭矩由2 kgf-cm至10 kgf-cm增量變化時，新型檢測裝置與傳統模態測試之共振頻率量測結果有逐步升高現象。植入後外露高度分別設定為7 mm至 11 mm，新型檢測裝置與傳統模態測試之共振頻率量測結果有逐步降低趨勢。新型檢測裝置與傳統模態測試兩者所得數據以迴歸法分析，其r2為0.9632 (p<0.005)，證實其確能與傳統模態測試一樣，成功地辨識在不同植體骨癒合與外露高度模擬條件下的共振頻率值，亦即本研究之設計能夠有效追蹤判讀其穩固程度變化。而傳統模態測試之標準差分布為70.0 ± 89.8 Hz、全距為466.1 Hz；新型檢測裝置之標準差分布為43.4 ± 24.8 Hz、全距為95.3 Hz；更可看出新型檢測裝置之標準差分布與全距均比傳統模態測試小。依此先期離體實驗證明新型檢測裝置能成功辨識在不同骨癒合模擬條件下的共振頻率值並有效追蹤判斷其穩固程度變化，且新型檢測裝置比傳統模態測試法能更精確與敏銳的測得共振頻率值，進而更精準的間接判斷骨癒合狀態，成為人工植牙手術最佳之臨床輔助診斷工具。

In recent years, more and more researchers have used the resonance frequency technique to detect the stability of dental implant. The advantage of this technique is non-invasive and non-destructive; however, its repeatability and accuracy are not satisfied. This thesis presents a new clinical technology to detect the stability of dental implant precisely by using resonant acoustic method. Besides, a compact dental implant stability detector equipped with piezoelectric ceramic and non-contact acoustic receivers are also developed. The basic idea is, firstly, to retract the impact force signal by using the piezoelectric ceramic and the vibration resonance signal by using non-contact acoustic receivers. Then, the force signal can trigger a frequency spectrum analyzer to acquire the data of impact force signal and response acoustic signal simultaneously. The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is then applied to convert the both signals from time domain to frequency domain and calculate the frequency response function (FRF). The FRF can provide the dental implant on the tooth bone boundary clinical inspection information.
In order to verify the practicability of the proposed devices, two experiments are conduced for verification. The piezoelectric ceramic function should be checked and calibrated firstly by using the commercial PCB GK291C80 impact hammer and then, both the responsive signals are collected. The r2 of regression result is 0.9848 (p<0.005). It represents the measurement accuracy and its good repeatability. In addition, the dynamic response of home-made piezoelectric ceramic hammer matches well with the expected resonant acoustic test criteria.
As for the stability test, when the dental implant is clamped by vise with force increasing from the ranges of 2 to 10 kgf-cm, the measured data are increased. The dental implant is fixed in the PE rod with the outside length increasing from 7 mm to 11 mm and the measured data are decreased. The r2 of regression result is 0.9632 (p<0.005) when the traditional impulse force resonance method is taken as the control group. The standard deviation of control group measured data is 70.0 ± 89.8 Hz with a frequency span of 466.1 Hz. In contrast, the standard deviation of the current study is 43.3 ± 24.8 Hz with a frequency range of 95.3 Hz. From the testing results, it implies that this newly developed device can detect the osseointegration condition of dental implant on the tooth bone boundary more effectively and its stability and sensitivity are also better than those of the conventional device.

致謝 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 VI
目錄 VIII
表目次 X
圖目次 XI
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與重要性 1
第二節 研究目的 9
第三節 研究假說 12
第四節 名詞定義 13
第二章 文獻查証
第一節 侵入性檢測 21
第二節 傳統非侵入性檢測 24
第三節 共振頻率檢測法 26
第三章 研究材料與方法
第一節 壓電材料原理 32
第二節 檢測裝置設計與製作 34
第三節 檢測裝置驗證實驗【壓電陶瓷特性校正】 36
第四節 植體外露高度與骨癒合模擬實驗 38
第四章 研究結果
第一節 機構設計與製作 44
第二節 檢測裝置驗證實驗【壓電陶瓷特性校正】 46
第三節 植體外露高度與骨癒合模擬實驗 47
第四節 壓電陶瓷衝擊錘對量測結果的影響 50
第五章 實驗討論
第一節 機構設計與製作 51
第二節 檢測裝置驗證實驗【壓電陶瓷特性校正】 52
第三節 植體外露高度與骨癒合模擬實驗 53
第四節 壓電陶瓷衝擊錘對量測結果的影響 59
第六章 結論 61
參考文獻 63
表目次
表4-1：壓電衝擊錘組驗證實驗數據 70
表4-2：壓電陶瓷衝擊錘特性校正迴歸分析 70
表4-3：離體模擬實驗數據【傳統模態測試法】 71
表4-4：離體模擬實驗數據【頻率響應函數法】 71
表4-5：離體模擬實驗數據【麥克風音波檢測法】 72
表4-6：離體模擬實驗數據【Periotest®】 72
表4-7：各組對傳統模態測試法的迴歸分析 73
表4-8：標準差t檢定分析 73
圖目次
圖1-1：接觸式敲擊式共振頻率分析法 74
圖1-2：非接觸式敲擊式共振頻率分析法 74
圖1-3：自動衝擊牙科植體穩固度檢測裝置 75
圖1-4：本研究室開發之穩固度檢測裝置演進 75
圖1-5：單自由度(SDOF)頻率響應函數圖 76
圖1-6：多自由度(MDOF)頻率響應函數圖 76
圖1-7：共振聲頻檢測法基本工作方塊圖 77
圖1-8：美國IOtech公司的共振聲頻檢測商品 77
圖1-9：共振聲頻檢測法工作流程圖 78
圖2-1：諧振響應法(Harmonic Response Analysis) 79
圖2-2：L型傳感器 79
圖3-1：新型檢測裝置設計概念圖 80
圖3-2：新型檢測裝置之壓電陶瓷衝擊錘特性校正示意圖 80
圖3-3：傳統模態測試法之骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗示意圖 81
圖3-4：新型檢測裝置之骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗示意圖 81
圖3-5：麥克風音波檢測法之骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗示意圖 82
圖3-6：Periotest®之骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗示意圖 82
圖3-7：骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗之外露高度設定 83
圖3-8：骨癒合與外露高度模擬試驗之挾持扭矩設定 83
圖4-1：鈦酸鉛鋯(PZT)壓電陶瓷片 84
圖4-2：壓電陶瓷受力型式 84
圖4-3：自製壓電陶瓷衝擊錘與檢測裝置 85
圖4-4：新型檢測裝置組合圖 85
圖4-5：新型穩固度檢測裝置與訊號博士測試架構圖 86
圖4-6：新型檢測裝置之壓電陶瓷衝擊錘特性校正測試 86
圖4-7：第一次壓電衝擊錘驗證測試結果 87
圖4-8：第二次壓電衝擊錘驗證測試結果 88
圖4-9：第三次壓電衝擊錘驗證測試結果 89
圖4-10：壓電衝擊錘驗證測試結果平均 90
圖4-11：離體模擬實驗結果【傳統模態測試法】 91
圖4-12：離體模擬實驗結果【頻率響應函數法】 92
圖4-13：離體模擬實驗結果【麥克風音波檢測法】 93
圖4-14：離體模擬實驗結果【Periotest®】 94
圖4-15：各組離體模擬實驗結果共振頻率標準差比較 95
圖5-1：各組離體模擬實驗結果共振頻率平均值比較 96
圖5-2：頻率響應函數與麥克風頻譜(8 mm/8 kgf-cm) 96

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