臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

存貨管制為現代企業管理中生產計劃的重要課題，近年來有關於損耗性商品的存貨管制問題普遍受到重視，本研究建立在單一零售商的環境中，探討一套更貼近實際情況的損耗性商品存貨模式。本研究目的在求得零售商利潤最大化，將傳統EOQ模式加以延伸，考量價格與時間對需求的影響以及允許銷售期內有缺貨情況的發生；因此，將需求假設為時間與價格的函數，以非線性的方式來表達，且短缺的形式為IFS狀態。再者，價格的問題在市場行銷策略是相當重要的一環，價格的高低往往會影響消費者購買商品的決定，所以，零售商該以何種策略或方式來做定價是很重要的。在此機制下，本文中零售商其所販售的是具有損耗特性的產品，其該如何決定最佳的短缺比例時間點，進而決定零售商販賣商品的價格，使得零售商得出最佳補貨次數與最佳補貨週期，達到零售商獲利最大的目標。然而，在針對諸多限制條件放寬之後，模式求解計算的複雜度也跟著大為提高。為此，本研究使用窮舉法與迭代法來求解，藉由數學軟體Mathematica 5.0的幫助，找出最佳的補貨次數、最佳短缺比例時間點和最佳價格。

Inventory management and control is an important course of production planning in modern business management. This paper considers profit-oriented EOQ problem in retailer channel. We consider the inventory replenishment policy over a fixed planning period for a deteriorating item having a deterministic demand pattern with shortages. The demand function presents the expression of a time and price-demand relationship by iso-elastic model and IFS(inventory followed by shortages) purchasing policy has been introducted into the thesis. The number of reorders, the interval between two successive reorders and the shortage intervals over a finite time-horizon are all determined in an optimal manner. And the thesis objective is to determine the optimal values of price and the percentage of shortage point so as to keep the system profit to a maximum. We use total enumeration approach and iterative search to find optimal replenishment number, the percentage of shortage point and price, and all of these numerical example run with mathematica 5.0.

碩博士論文電子檔授權書 I
論文提要 II
目 錄 III
圖 目 錄 V
表 目 錄 VII
第一章 續論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與範圍 4
1.3研究方法與步驟 5
1.4研究架構 6
第二章 文獻探討 8
2.1損耗性商品介紹 8
2.1.1損耗的定義 8
2.1.2損耗性商品的特性 9
2.1.3損耗性商品的分類 9
2.1.4損耗性商品與非損耗性商品模式之差別 11
2.2存貨需求模式 13
2.2.1存貨需求型式1：與時間相關的需求型態 13
2.2.2存貨需求型式2：與價格相關的需求型態 18
2.3存貨損耗模式 22
2.3.1存貨損耗型態介紹 22
2.3.2浴缸曲線理論 28
2.4零售商訂購與存貨定價 30
第三章 模式建立 33
3.1前言 33
3.2模式基本假設 33
3.3符號定義說明 35
3.4模式推導 37
3.4.1零售商成本支出模式 37
3.4.2零售商賺取收入模式 42
3.5求解過程 44
3.5.1目標函數 44
3.5.2解題流程與求解最小值的必要與充分條件 44
3.5.3代入迭代法 46
第四章 數值模擬分析與討論 47
4.1 模擬驗證與比較 47
4.1.1基本參數與模式的建立 47
4.1.2有短缺情況下零售商的利潤 49
4.1.3無缺貨情況下零售商的利潤 50
4.1.4參數變異對利潤及決策變數的影響比較 51
4.1.4.1成本項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 52
4.1.4.2成本項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 54
4.1.4.3需求項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 56
4.2 不同需求情境之探討 58
4.2.1基本參數與模式的建立 58
4.2.2有短缺情況下零售商的利潤 60
4.2.3無缺貨情況下零售商的利潤 61
4.2.4參數變異對利潤及決策變數的影響比較 62
4.2.4.1成本項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 63
4.2.4.2成本項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 67
4.2.4.3需求項參數 變異對利潤及決策變數的影響 71
4.3缺貨與否和損耗率增減之探討 75
4.3.1缺貨與否和損耗率增減對利潤的影響 75
4.3.1.1使用4.1節參數設定探討 75
4.3.1.2使用4.2節參數設定探討 76
4.3.2缺貨與否和損耗率增減對決策變數的影響 78
4.3.2.1使用4.1節參數設定探討 79
4.3.2.2使用4.2節參數設定探討 80
第五章 結論及未來研究方向 83
參考文獻 85
附 錄 90
附錄【A】― 第三章模式推導 90
附錄【B】― 目標函數對決策變數 與 的微分推導 93
附錄【C】― 第四章數值模擬分析與討論表格總表 94

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