臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在設計及製作太陽能與風力混合型發電系統。本系統以直流/直流升壓型功率轉換器，搭配擾動觀察法作為最大功率追蹤控制器，使太陽能電池與風力發電機於當時大氣環境下輸出最大功率，有效利用再生能源。另外，文中亦提出直流升/降壓式截波器作為蓄電池儲、釋能控制，完成系統能量平衡管理，提高供電可靠度。最後，本發電系統採用三相三階層變流器作為直流/交流轉換之用，一方面利用三階層架構減少輸出電壓之諧波含量，另一方面將再生能源輸出之直流電轉變成交流電，供給三相負載獨立使用或傳輸至電力網路，達到分散式供電系統之功能。
本文之系統利用MATLAB/Simulink模擬軟體進行分析，作為系統控制器設計之依據，並以高性能、低成本的數位信號處理器(DSP, TMS320LF2407A)為整體系統之控制核心，其控制策略皆由軟體程式完成，不但減少硬體電路成本，並增加系統運作可靠度。本系統已完成520W的獨立供電系統及市電並聯系統。在獨立運轉下，其額定輸出線電壓有效值為220V，頻率為60Hz。在並聯運轉下，可提供實功率及虛功率至電力網路。此外，整體系統之運轉效率為83%，而三相三階層變流器輸出線電壓之總諧波失真率為2.7%，符合IEEE Std. 519之規範。實驗結果驗證本文之理論分析及控制法則的可行性。

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a solar and wind power hybrid generating system. The system adopts the dc/dc boost power converter as well as perturb-and-observe algorithm for the maximum power point tracking of the hybrid system to achieve all-time optimum power output and realize the effective use of renewable energy. In addition, a dc boost/buck chopper is designed to charge or discharge batteries in order to regulate the power flow between solar cells, wind turbine and system loads so that it can accomplish the management of energy balance control and enhance the reliability of the whole system. Finally, a three-phase, three-level inverter is proposed to reduce the output voltage harmonics. The system realized can be operated either in a stand-alone fashion or connected with power grid.
In this thesis, the mathematical models and controller designs are built and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. Then, a high-performance, low-cost digital signal processor (DSP, TMS320LF2407A) is used to control the system for reducing the circuit complexity. A prototype of 520W hybrid power conversion system is developed under stand-alone and grid-connected operation, separately. The system can feed proper power to the grid in grid-connected operation, while for stand-alone operation, the rated line-voltage is 220V and the frequency is 60Hz. Besides, the experimental data show that the efficiency of the whole system reaches 83% and voltage harmonic distortion of three-phase, three-level power inverter output is 2.7%, which complies with IEEE Std. 519. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to justify the analysis.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
誌 謝 Ⅲ
目 錄 Ⅳ
圖表索引 Ⅶ
符號索引 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 系統架構 2
1.3 本文大綱 3
第二章 太陽能與風力發電系統 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 太陽能電池簡介 5
2.3 太陽能發電系統架構及控制 12
2.3.1 太陽能發電系統之最大功率追蹤控制 12
2.3.2 直流/直流升壓型功率轉換器之數學模式 13
2.4 風力發電的原理 15
2.5 風力發電系統架構及控制 18
2.5.1 永磁式同步發電機之數學模式 19
2.5.2 風力發電系統之最大功率追蹤控制 22
2.6 結語 24
第三章 三相三階層直流/交流功率轉換器之分析及控制 25
3.1 前言 25
3.2 三相三階層直流/交流功率轉換器之分析 25
3.3 三相三階層直流/交流功率轉換器之控制 29
3.3.1 同步旋轉座標系統 29
3.3.2 功率轉換器之控制法則與調節器設計 32
3.3.3 三階層功率轉換器中性點電位對稱之控制 36
3.3.4 三階層功率轉換器之開關控制訊號 37
3.4 結語 38
第四章 複合系統之能量管理 40
4.1 前言 40
4.2 蓄電池充放電系統架構及控制 40
4.2.1 直流截波器升壓模式 41
4.2.2 直流截波器降壓模式 42
4.3 能量管理模式 44
4.3.1 獨立供電系統 45
4.3.2 市電並聯系統 48
4.4 結語 52
第五章 實作與測試 53
5.1 前言 53
5.2 硬體電路 53
5.2.1 數位信號處理器之介面電路 54
5.2.2 電壓回授電路 55
5.2.3 電流回授電路 56
5.2.4 功率電晶體驅動電路 56
5.2.5 同步偵測電路 57
5.3 軟體規劃 57
5.3.1 主程式規劃 57
5.3.2 太陽能發電系統程式規劃 59
5.3.3 風力發電系統程式規劃 60
5.3.4 蓄電池充放電系統程式規劃 61
5.3.5 三相變流器獨立供電程式規劃 62
5.3.6 三相變流器並聯供電程式規劃 64
5.4 實測結果 65
5.5 結語 86
第六章 結論與建議 87
6.1 結論 87
6.2 建議 88
參考文獻 89
附 錄 A 系統規格與電路參數 93
附 錄 B 永磁式同步發電機之額定 94
作者簡介 95

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