臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

單棘魨科為市場上常見的魚種，在台灣主要分佈於東北部、西南一帶，為底拖網漁業水產品。本研究探討單角革單棘魨 (Aluterus monoceros，俗稱白達仔) 和短角單棘魨 (Thamnaconus modestus，俗稱黑達仔) 魚皮膠原蛋白類型、胺基酸組成、生化學特性及其酵素水解物之抗氧化活性等。單角革單棘魨和短角單棘魨魚皮之蛋白質含量分別為 20.31 和 14.86%，粗脂肪含量為 0.17 及 0.22%。兩種魚皮經由醋酸溶液萃取膠原蛋白 (acid soluble collagen) 之萃取率分別為 40.34 及18.91 %。兩種魚皮膠原蛋白均含有相異的α-chain，分別為 α 1 及 α 2，屬於第一型膠原蛋白，魚種間無差異，而其 SDS-PAGE 圖譜與牛皮第一型膠原蛋白類似，胺基酸組成以 glycine、alanine 等含量較高。兩種魚皮膠原蛋白經胰蛋白酶 (trypsin) 水解之胜肽圖譜相似，顯示其胺基酸組成相近。測定兩種魚皮膠原蛋白之紫外光圖譜，結果顯示均在 220-230 nm 有較大的吸收波峰。單角革單棘魨和短角單棘魨魚皮膠原蛋白分別在鹽濃度超過 2% 及 pH 值超過 6 時出現溶解度大幅下降情形，而變性溫度分別為30 和26℃。兩種魚皮膠原蛋白未經酵素處理，在清除 DPPH 自由基、還原力能力、螯合亞鐵離子能力和 ABTS 自由基清除能力之抗氧化能力相當，經 pepsin 和 α-chymotrypsin 酵素水解後，胺基含量隨水解時間增加，但可溶性蛋白隨著水解時間增長無明顯變化，以 α-chymotrypsin 水解短角單棘魨魚皮膠原蛋白之水解液較其它水解組別高，而抗氧化方面，則以 α-chymotrypsin 水解短角單棘魨魚皮膠原蛋白有較強的能力。

Monacanthidae is a trawl catch and common species in the market of Northeast and Southwestern areas of Taiwan. The objectives of this study are to investigate biochemical characteristics, amino acid constituents and antioxidant activities of collagen from Aluterus monoceros and Thamnaconus modestus skin. The crude protein contents of Aluterus monoceros and Thamnaconus modestus skin were 20.31 and 14.86%, and crude fat were 0.17 and 0.22%, respectively. The yields of acid soluble collagen (ASC) extracted from Aluterus monoceros and Thamnaconus modestus skin were 40.34 and 18.91%. Both fish skin ASCs were heterotrimers with α-chain, α 1 and α 2, indicating that these ASCs were Type I collagen. No significant difference was found between both ASCs. The profiles of SDS-PAGE were similar to that of calf skin collagen Type I. The major amino acids of collagen were glycine and alanine. Through the hydrolysis of trypsin, both ASC hydrolysates showed similar peptide patterns and amino acid compositions. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of two ASCs showed that the distinct absorption was found at 220-230 nm. A sharp decrease in solubility was observed in the presence of NaCl above 2% (w/v) and pH above 6, and denaturation temperatures were 30 and 26℃ for Aluterus monoceros and Thamnaconus modestus, respectively. Two kinds of fish skin collagen without enzyme treatment had no significant difference in antioxidant activities including the scavening effect of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power, chelation of ferrous ion and scavenging effect on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+). The amino group of ASC hydrolysates with pepsin and α-chymotrypsin increased during hydrolysis. ASC hydrolysate of Thamnaconus modestus skin with α-chymotrypsin had the highest amount of amino group. The soluble protein of all hydrolysates showed no significant change during hydrolysis. ASC from Thamnaconus modestus skin treated with α-chymotrypsin had stronger antioxidant activity.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻整理 2
一、單棘魨科簡介 2
(一) 單角革單棘魨 2
(二) 短角單棘魨 2
二、膠原蛋白簡介 3
(一) 膠原蛋白的結構 3
(二) 膠原蛋白的種類和分布 3
(三) 膠原蛋白之生合成途徑 4
(四) 膠原蛋白的應用 4
三、魚類膠原蛋白之相關研究 5
(一) 魚類膠原蛋白之萃取 5
(二) 型態與種類 6
(三) 膠原蛋白對熱的穩定性 7
四、蛋白質水解產物 7
(一) 蛋白質水解之特性與方法 7
(1) 酸鹼水解 7
(2) 酵素水解 8
(3) 微生物醱酵水解 8
五、抗氧化劑作用原理 8
(一) 自由基終止劑 8
(二) 還原劑或氧清除劑 9
(三) 金屬螯合劑 9
(四) 單重氧的抑制劑 9
六、蛋白質水解物之抗氧化活性 9
(一) 影響抗氧化活性的因子 9
(1) 酵素種類與水解程度之影響 9
(2) 分子量大小之影響 10
(3) 胜肽胺基酸組成之影響 11
(二) 不同來源蛋白質或胜肽之抗氧化活性 11
(1) 植物性來源之蛋白質水解物 11
(2) 動物性來源之蛋白質水解物 12
參、實驗材料與方法 14
一、實驗材料 14
(一) 魚皮原料 14
(二) 實驗用蛋白質分解酵素 14
(三) 實驗藥品 14
(四) 使用儀器 14
二、實驗項目與分析方法 15
(一) 一般成分分析 15
(二) 膠原蛋白之萃取 15
(三) 膠原蛋白之型態鑑定 16
(四) 膠原蛋白胜肽之分析 16
(五) 膠原蛋白之紫外光光譜圖 16
(六) 膠原蛋白溶解度測定 16
(七) 膠原蛋白黏度及熱穩定性測定 17
(八) 總胺基酸分析 17
(九) 保水力測定 17
(十) 油脂吸收能力 17
(十一) 酵素水解液之製備 17
(十二) 可溶性蛋白質測定 18
(十三) 胺基含量測定 18
(十四) 抗氧化能力測定 18
(1) 清除 DPPH 自由基能力之測定 18
(2) 還原力測定 18
(3) 螯合亞鐵離子能力 19
(4) ABTS 自由基清除能力 19
(十五) 統計分析 19
肆、結果與討論 20
一、一般成分分析 20
二、膠原蛋白含量與產率 20
三、型態鑑定 20
四、胺基酸組成 21
五、胜肽圖譜分析 21
六、紫外光光譜圖 21
七、溶解度測定 22
(1) 不同 NaCl 對膠原蛋白溶解度之影響 22
(2) 不同 pH 對膠原蛋白溶解度之影響 22
八、膠原蛋白之熱變性溫度 22
九、膠原蛋白之保水力與油脂吸附能力 23
十、膠原蛋白抗氧化特性 23
(一) 單角革單棘魨與短角單棘魨魚皮膠原蛋白之抗氧化能力比較 23
(二) 單角革單棘魨與短角單棘魨魚皮膠原蛋白酵素水解液化學特性與抗氧化能力之探討 25
伍、結論 28
陸、參考文獻 29

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