臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

此項研究想要探測大陸與台灣女性在電視約會節目中所使用的不同拒絕策略。研究理論是根據”變異與風格”，像Eckert在1989年所提到的Jocks and Burnout 與張清(2005)的中國雅痞研究。這篇研究的重心在於使用兩岸的電視約會節目當作是一種特別的文化實踐群體。
兩個研究問題包括，第一：大陸與台灣女性使用何種拒絕策略去拒絕男性？第二：非語言的現象是如何與女性的拒絕行為有關聯性？兩岸的電視約會節目總共有1292筆女性與男性的對話。
　　結論顯示，首先，大陸女性使用”直接”拒絕來拒絕男性，然而台灣女性傾向使用”間接”拒絕來拒絕男性。第二，大陸女性比較因為”男生的因素”而拒絕對方，譬如，大陸女生會因為男生”不夠高”或者”不夠帥”來拒絕他。反觀，台灣女生是因為”個人的因素”而拒絕男性，台灣女性會因為”我不像男性一樣的聰明”這種自己因素而滅燈。第三，兩岸的主持人也不一樣。大陸的主持人單純就是主持人，他比較抽離節目，然而台灣的主持人比較像媒婆，而且很投入在節目中。
最後，兩岸的女性會使用不同的方式去表示自己或拒絕男性，大陸的女性傾向化濃妝，穿衣也比較開放。但是台灣的女性畫的是淡妝，穿衣也比較保守。除了化妝與穿衣的不同之外，台灣女性在拒絕男性時面帶微笑；然而大陸女生則是用很驕傲地方式去拒絕男性。

This study investigated different styles of giving refusals by Chinese women in TV dating shows in Taiwan and mainland China. Following the theoretical framework of variation and style in Eckert’s (1989) study of Jocks and Burnouts and Zhang’s (2005) study of Chinese Yuppies, this study focused on two Chinese versions of the dating show “Take Me Out” as the “communities of practice.”
The two questions addressed include: (1) What different strategies of refusing to date the male guests are used by Taiwanese and mainland Chinese women? (2) How are the non-verbal signs related to the women’s verbal behaviors in refusals? A total of 1,292 units of conversation exchange were analyzed between a female and a male guest from the two TV dating shows in mainland China and Taiwan.
First of all, it was found that women in mainland China used a “direct” way to refuse the male guests, while Taiwanese women used a more “indirect” way. Second, women in mainland China preferred to refuse to date others from the “you” perspective. For example, the women would say, “You are not tall enough,” or “You are not handsome.” However, women in Taiwan tended to give refusals from the “I” perspective. For example, they would say, “I am not as talented as the male guest.” Third, the hosts of the two TV shows also played different roles. Whereas the host in mainland China was more detached, acting as a “narrator,” the host and hostess in Taiwan were very much involved as “matchmakers.”
Finally, the women used different signs to present themselves and refuse the male guests. Women in mainland China tended to put on much makeup and were more open-minded in their clothing. The Taiwanese females tended to wear lighter makeup, and their clothes were more conservative. However, the Taiwanese females reject the male guests smilingly. The females from Mainland China refuse the male guests arrogantly.

Table of Contents

1. Chapter One: Introduction ……………………………. 1
1.1 Background ……………………………………….. 1
1.2 Motivation ………………………………………… 2
1.3 Theoretical Framework ……………………………. 3
1.4 Significance and Purpose of the Study…………….... 4
1.5 Research Questions …………………………………. 5
1.6 Organization of the Thesis…………………………… 5

2. Chapter Two: Literature Review…………………………. 7
2.1 Gender……………………………………………… 7
2.2 Cross-Cultural Communication…………………….. 10
2.3 The Particular Speech Act in Pragmatics…………… 11
2.3.1 Pragmatics……………………………………. 11
2.3.2 Refusal as One Particular Speech Act………… 12
2.4 Dating………………………………………………… 14
2.5 Styles………………………………………………… 16

3. Chapter Three: Methodology…………………………… 18
3.1 SPEAKING Grid…………………………………… 19
3.1.1 “S”……………………………………………… 19
3.1.2 “P”……………………………………………… 21
3.1.3 “E” and “K” …………………………………… 21

3.1.4 “A” ………………………………………………… 22
3.1.5 “I” ………………………………………………… 24
3.1.6 “N”………………………………………………… 25
3.1.7 “G” ……………………………………………….. 25
3.2 Data Collection ……………………………………… 25
3.3 Data Analysis………………………………………… 26
3.4 Quantitative Analysis………………………………… 27

4. Chapter Four: Direct/Indirect………………………………. 29
4.1 The Height Problem……………………………………. 30
4.2 The Appearance Problem ……………………………… 39
4.3 The Age Problem………………………………………. 47
4.4 The Problem of Personal Interests……………………... 53

5. Chapter Five: “You”/ “I”…………………………………… 58
5.1 The Appearances Problem …………………………….. 59
5.2 The Attitude Problem…………………………………... 60
5.3 Taiwanese Females’ Own Problem…………………….. 63
5.4 Problems with the Male Guests in Mainland China…… 67

6. Chapter Six: Hosts………………………………………… 74

7. Chapter Seven: Non-Verbal Signs ………………………… 87
7.1 Makeup Differences…………………………………… 88
7.2 Clothing Differences……………………………………93
7.3 Facial Expression……………………………………… 98
8. Chapter Eight: Discussion…………………………………… 101
8.1 The First Research Question …………………………….. 101
8.2 The Second Research Question………………………….. 106

9. Chapter Nine: Conclusion……………………………………. 107
9.1 Summary of the Major Findings…………………………. 107
9.2 The Contributions of this Study ………………………… 107
9.3 The Limitations of this Study …………………………… 108
9.4 Suggestions for Further Research ……………………… 108

References……………………………………………………… 109

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The influence of Cultural Revolution in Mainland China
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