臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要在研究桌球的運動力學與相關檢測系統之建構。研究內容在探討強制對流衝擊於旋轉及靜止之桌球球體之流場分布情形；本研究以紅外線熱影像儀當作研究工具，研究方法乃運用熱空氣流過旋轉球體之熱流顯像原理進行實驗，以模擬桌球球體靜止時、下旋球和上旋球之高速旋轉及低速旋轉時的流場特性。另外，亦利用力學原理分析桌球的運動方程與擊球時作用力、球的速度和位置之間的關係，說明旋轉球在桌球運動中的優越性，並提出了以速度對抗旋轉的方法。此外在本研究中，亦開發出桌球擊球桌面落點壓力式感測系統與二維雷射光束陣列桌球落點感測器，分別用來準確的感應出桌球擊球桌面落點位置，藉由此系統已可分析受測學生發球與擊球準確度與穩定度的量化分析。最後亦研製一套桌球發球高度光感測系統，用來判斷出桌球選手之發球高度及穩定性。

This paper researches the kinetics of table tennis and the construction of a related detection system. The research content discusses the flow field distribution of forced convection impact on spinning and stationary table tennis balls. This study uses an infrared thermal imager as a research tool. The heat flow visualization of hot air through the spinning ball is used, in experiments, to simulate the flow field characteristics when the table tennis ball is stationary, and with high-speed and low-speed backspin and topspin. In addition, the motion equation of table tennis and the relationship between the stroke acting force, speed of the shot and position are analyzed according to the mechanics principle. The superiority of a spinning ball in table tennis is described, and the method of using speed to resist spin is proposed. In addition, a table tennis ball tabletop placement pressure sensing system and two-dimensional laser beam array table tennis ball placement sensor are developed in this study, which are used to accurately sense the table tennis ball placement on the tabletop, this system is able to quantitatively analyze the tested students’ service, accuracy and stability. Finally, a light sensing system for table tennis service height is developed for judging table tennis players’ service height and stability.

Abstract I
Nomenclature XII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Literature Review 1
1.2 Motivation 9
Chapter 2 Effects of flow rate and rotation on table tennis ball motion 11
2.1 Methodology 11
Fig. 2-2. Experimental equipment 16
2.2 Result and discussion 21
Chapter 3 Applying Piezoelectric Material to Shot Placement Sensing System
for Table Tennis Players 51
3.1 Methodology 51
3.2 Results and discussion 59
Chapter 4 Development of a two-dimensional laser array sensor to detect
the ball location for table tennis training 63
4.1 Methodology 63
4.2 Result and discussion 70
Chapter 5 Service height measurement for table tennis players with an
optical measurement system 78
5.1 Methodology 78
5.2 Results and discussion 82
Chapter 6 Conclusion and suggestion 90
6.1 Conclusion 90
6.2 Future suggestions 95
Reference 96
Appendix A 108
Appendix B 111
Vita 117

Lists of figure
Fig. 2-1. Experimental equipment 14
Fig. 2-2. Experimental equipment 16
Fig. 2-3. Free-body diagram 22
Fig. 2-4. The diagram of Re and FD 24
Fig. 2-5. The flow field distribution at Re=3400 26
Fig. 2-6. The flow field distribution at Re=5100 27
Fig. 2-7. The flow field distribution at Re=6800 27
Fig. 2-8. The flow field distribution at Re=8500 28
Fig. 2-9. The flow field distribution at Re=10200 28
Fig. 2-10. The flow field distribution at Re=11900 29
Fig. 2-11. The flow field distribution at ω=3000(topspin) 31
Fig. 2-12. The flow field distribution at ω=6000(topspin) 32
Fig. 2-13. The flow field distribution at ω=3000(backspin) 32
Fig. 2-14. The flow field distribution at ω=6000(backspin) 33
Fig. 2-15. The measurement diagram of H1, H2 and L 34
Fig. 2-16. Flow rates of flow field with different backspin numbers at
different Reynolds numbers 36
Fig. 2-17. Flow rates of flow field with different topspin numbers at
different Reynolds numbers 36
Fig. 2-18. The racket angle simulation 37
Fig. 2-19. The flow field of racket surfaces is flat and angle is 0o 38
Fig. 2-20. The flow field of racket surfaces is shorts particles and angle is 0o 39
Fig. 2-21. The flow field of racket surfaces is long particles and angle is 0o 39
Fig. 2-22. The flow field of racket surfaces is flat and angle is 15o 40
Fig. 2-23. The flow field of racket surfaces is shorts particles and angle is 15o 40
Fig. 2-24. The flow field of racket surfaces is long particles and angle is 15o 41
Fig. 2-25. The flow field of racket surfaces is flat and angle is 30o at the rotational speed of 7500 rpm 42
Fig. 2-26. The flow field of racket surfaces is short particles and angle is
25o at the rotational speed of 7500 rpm 42
Fig. 2-27. The flow field of racket surfaces is long particles and angle is
20o at the rotational speed of 7500 rpm 43
Fig. 2-28. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 100 rpm
(up:-20.74 Pa, down:-22.54 Pa) 44
Fig. 2-29. The velocity of is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 100 rpm
(up:-176.15 Pa, down:-180.68 Pa) 44
Fig. 2-30. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation is 100 rpm
(up:-481.94 Pa down:-494.19 Pa) 45
Fig. 2-31. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 200rpm
(up:-19.37 Pa down:-24.54 Pa) 45
Fig. 2-32. The velocity is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 200rpm
(up:-192.34 Pa down:-201.91 Pa) 45
Fig. 2-33. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation of ball is 200rpm
(up:-472.46 Pa down:-509.91 Pa) 46
Fig. 2-34. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-20.53 Pa down:-26.74 Pa) 46
Fig. 2-35. The velocity is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-194.24 Pa down:-205.32 Pa) 46
Fig. 2-36. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-522.91 Pa down:-565.43 Pa) 47
Fig. 2-37. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 100rpm
(up:-21.27 Pa down:-19.14 Pa) 47
Fig. 2-38. The velocity is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 100rpm
(up:-199.76 Pa down:-185.89 Pa) 47
Fig. 2-39. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation is 100rpm
(up:-498.46 Pa down:-476.29 Pa) 48
Fig. 2-40. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 200rpm
(up:-23.74 Pa down:-19.81 Pa) 48
Fig. 2-41. The velocity is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 200rpm
(up:-185.25 Pa down:-170.01 Pa) 48
Fig. 2-42. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation is 200rpm
(up:-505.74 Pa down:-481.59 Pa) 49
Fig. 2-43. The velocity is 10.61m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-25.67 Pa down:-20.74 Pa) 49
Fig. 2-44. The velocity is 26.53m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-196.71 Pa down:-178.88 Pa) 49
Fig. 2-45. The velocity is 42.44m/s and the rotation is 300rpm
(up:-519.67 Pa down:-491.95 Pa) 50
Fig. 3-1. Plane view of two-dimensional array table tennis shot placement sensor 52
Fig. 3-2. Signal scanning flow 53
Fig. 3-3. Diagram of experimental test 57
Fig. 3-4. Schematic diagram of experiment 57
Fig. 3-5. Forehand serving placement distribution of tester E in the
lower left corner 60
Fig. 3-6. Forehand serving placement distribution of tester E in the
uper left corner 61
Fig. 3-7. Forehand serving placement distribution of tester E in the upper
right corner 61
Fig. 3-8. Forehand serving placement distribution of tester E in the
lower right corner 62
Fig. 3-9. Schematic diagram of mean offsetposition 62
Fig. 4-1. Schematic diagram of the two-dimensional laser array sensor for
table tennis training 64
Fig. 4-2. The amplifier of the electric charge 65
Fig. 4-3. The schematic diagram of signal extraction 66
Fig. 4-4. The schematic diagram of the two-dimensional laser array sensor 67
Fig. 4-5. The judgmental results of the high speed camera
(No contact with the table) 71
Fig. 4-6. The judgmental results of the high speed camera (contacted the table) 72
Fig. 4-7. The judgmental results of the high speed camera (left the table) 72
Fig. 4-10. The laser array sensing result of Y axis contact position 74
Fig. 4-11. The camera filming result of Y axis contact position 74
Fig. 4-12. The contact position judgmental results of the sensor 75
Fig. 4-13. The distribution graph of server machine’s contact positions 76
Fig. 4-14. The quantitative distribution graph of the contact positions for the
server machine 77
Fig. 5-1. Diagram of experimental test 79
Fig. 5-2. In-port and out-port 80
Fig. 5-3. The processing procedure of the height sensing system 81
Fig. 5-4. The distribution graph for right long shots. 83
Fig. 5-5. The distribution graph for left long shots 84
Fig. 5-6. The distribution graph for right short shots 84
Fig. 5-7. The distribution graph for left shorts shots 85
Fig. 5-8. Bar chart of the right long service 86
Fig. 5-9. Bar chart of the left long service 87
Fig. 5-10. Bar chart of the right short service 87
Fig. 5-11. Bar chart of the left short service 88

Lists of table
Table 5-1. The assessment score of the service height for different groups 87
Table 5-2. Statistical table of the height assessment .87

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