臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

屬於半樹棲性的班卡拉蝸牛群包含三個（亞）種，各族群的體型大小變異很大，左旋與右旋種的親緣關係與分類也尚未完全釐清，因此本研究藉由粒線體 DNA 的 16s rRNA 序列，來進行班卡拉蝸牛類群的親緣關係分析與遺傳隔離等議題之探討。共定序 107 隻個體，整理得到 47 個單倍型，各族群大多有自己獨有的單倍型，各族群的遺傳分化程度大致與地理距離成相關，可區分為兩大群，推論班卡拉蝸牛族群可能是由中央山脈南段比較原始的祖先族群開始向外拓展，主要有二大方向同時發生： 1. 向恆春半島西南部拓殖； 2.向蘭嶼以及恆春半島其他部份拓殖。AMOVA分析顯示（亞）種間並無分化，因此分類上建議保持 S. bacca 的有效種級地位，而 S. batanica boteltobagoensis 和 S. b. pancala 是 S. batanica 的同物異名。

The semi-arboreal land snail Satsuma batanica group includes 3 (sub-)species. Individuals of populations demonstrate obvious variation in shell size and shell shape. Furthermore, the taxonomy of dextral and sinistral species is not clear yet. This research use sequence of the mtDNA 16s rRNA to investigate their phylogeography. Total of 47 haplotypes were identified from 107 individual sequences. Most populations have their own unique haplotypes. The genetic divergence between the populations is correlated with geographic distance. Two lineages were raised from south of the Central Range. One colonized southwest Hengchung Peninsula, the other colonized other part of current distribution. The AMOVA analysis showed less divergence among (sub-)species, therefore, I suggest to keep S. bacca as a valid species while to treat S. batanica boteltobagoensis and S. b. pancala as synonym of S. batanica.

中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
誌謝 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xi
1.前言 1
1.1班卡拉蝸牛 1
1.1.1 分類 1
1.1.2 型態 3
1.1.3 生態 3
1.2 分類學上的疑問 4
1.2.1 左旋 S. batanica 與右旋 S. bacca 的親緣關係 4
1.2.2 體型大小變異 5
1.3 親緣地理學與親緣歷史 6
1.4 粒線體DNA與分子演化 6
1.5 研究目的 7
2.實驗方法 9
2.1 樣本 9
2.2 粒線體DNA的萃取 10
2.3 聚合酶連鎖反應 (PCR) 10
2.3.1 選用引子 10
2.3.2 PCR 條件設定 11
2.3.3 瓊脂凝膠之配製 11
2.3.4 PCR 產物的電泳分析 12
2.4 DNA 的定序 12
2.5 定序資料之分析 12
2.5.1 DNA序列整理 (alignment) 12
2.5.2 遺傳變異分析 (Genetic variation) 13
2.5.3 親緣分析 (Phylogenetic) 13
2.5.4 族群遺傳分析 (Population genetic analysis) 14 　 　
3.結果 15
3.1 16S rRNA 序列分析基本資料 15
3.2 單倍型的親緣關係分析 16
3.3 族群內遺傳變異分析 17
3.4族群間遺傳變異分析 17
4.討論 20
4.1 親緣地理學與親緣歷史 20
4.2 Satsuma batanica 與 S. bacca 的旋向與分類 20
5.結論 23
參考文獻 24
附錄 45



圖目錄

圖1.班卡拉蝸牛群採樣點位置 29
圖2.以16scs1/16sbr引子組合增幅mtDNA 16s rRNA產物電泳圖 30
圖3.以 Neighbor-joining 法重建的班卡拉蝸牛群的47個haplotype 親緣關係圖 31
圖4.班卡拉蝸牛群16S rRNA序列單倍型的NeighborNet網狀圖 32
圖5.以Neighbor-joining法分析族群的親緣關係樹 33



表目錄

表1.樣本詳細採集地點與族群代號表 34
表2.班卡拉蝸牛群現行分類系統下各分類群的樣點 35
表3.班卡拉蝸牛群mtDNA 16S rRNA 的AMOVA分析 37
表4.班卡拉蝸牛群mtDNA 16S rRNA序列的47個單倍型的遺傳距離矩陣 38
表5.班卡拉蝸牛群mtDNA 16S rRNA各族群的平均遺傳距離矩陣 44

 

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