臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　激烈運動與自由基（free radicals）、活性氧物種（reactive oxygen species, ROS）及活性氮物種（reactive nitrogen species, RNS）之生成有密切關聯，當運動後自由基產物之生成與抗氧化防禦系統之間機制的失衡，將造成氧化壓力（oxidative stress），進而造成肌肉損傷。目的：在探討菁英選手參與「94年度全國自由車公路錦標賽」，對抗氧化能力與肌肉損傷之影響。方法：受試者為五名男性和五名女性（年齡 21.4 ± 1.9 歲、身高 164.4 ± 2.1 公分、體重 57.6 ± 2.9 公斤）、身體質量指數 21.2 ± 0.6 公斤/公尺2及完成107公里公路賽之平均成績 175.7 ± 4.5 分（7公里個人計時賽 11.8 ± 0.3 分，100公里個人公路賽 163.4 ± 4.3 分）。血液採集共7個時間點：賽前2小時（pre）、賽後立即（0 h）、賽後3小時（3 h）、賽後7小時（7 h）、賽後24小時（24 h）、賽後72小時（72 h）及賽後120小時（120 h）。血液樣本分析包括超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、麩胱甘肽總量（total glutathione, TGSH）、氧化態麩胱甘肽（oxidized glutathione, GSSG）、肌酸激酶（creatine kinase, CK）、乳酸脫氫酶（lactate dehydrogenase, LDH）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、羰基蛋白質（protein carbonyls, PC）、尿酸（uric acid, UA）及一氧化氮（nitric oxide, NO）。結果：血漿CK活性在賽後3 h和7 h增加93.66%，91.08%，血漿LDH活性在賽後7 h和24 h增加82.72%，66.29%、紅血球TGSH活性在賽後7 h、24 h及72 h增加，各202.92%，185.71%，185.50%；而紅血球GSSG活性在3 h、7 h、72 h和120 h較賽前顯著增加，各125.57%，160.66%，195.36%，115.07%，但紅血球SOD活性、血漿MDA濃度、UA濃度及NO濃度，在賽後各時間點較賽前並無顯著變化。另外，血漿PC量在賽後7 h、24 h及72 h較賽前有顯著減少，各56.10%，48.44%，46.01%。結論：選手在完成自由車公路賽後短期會增加內源性抗氧化物並造成肌肉損傷。高強度運動會引起氧化壓力，短期影響運動表現，尚須進一步證實。

　　Purpose: To investigate the effects of road race for elite cyclists on antioxidant capacity and muscle damage. Methods: Ten elite cyclists (age =21.4 ± 1.9 years、height =164.4 ± 2.1 cm、body mass =57.6 ± 2.9 kg、body mass index (BMI) =21.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) were recruited during the 2005 National Cycling Road Race Championship. They spent 175.7 ± 4.5 min (7-Km time trial：11.8 ± 0.3 min and 100-Km road race：163.4 ± 4.3 min) to finish the race. The blood samples were collected 2 hours before the race (pre), immediately after the race(0 h), 3, 7, 24, 72, and 120 hours after the race to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (TGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid (UA), and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The plasma CK increased 93.66% and 91.08% significantly at 3 and 7 hours after race and the plasma LDH was significantly increased 82.72% and 66.29% at 7 and 24 hours after race as compared to pre. Meanwhile, the TGSH of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 202.92%, 185.71%, and 185.50% at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. The GSSG of erythrocyte was significantly elevated 125.57%, 160.66%, 195.36%, and 115.07% at 3, 7, 72, and 120 hours post race. No significant changes were found the SOD of erythrocyte and the plasma UA, NO, and MDA. Plasma PC was a marker of protein oxidative damage, decreased 56.10%, 48.44%, and 46.01% significantly at 7, 24, and 72 hours post race. Conclusion: A road race may induce endogenous antioxidant production and muscle damage. High intensity exercise induces oxidative stress, but there is no evidence that this affects sports performance in the short term. In this study, we hope that this information may contribute to understand oxidative stress and muscle damages caused by strenuous exercise. The coaches can be inspired to set up the proper training model to promote sports performance. Moreover, this information may also contribute to set up antioxidants supplement or nutrition plans.

目　錄

縮寫表----------------------------------------------------iv

中文摘要--------------------------------------------------vi

英文摘要-------------------------------------------------vii

第壹章 緒論---------------------------------------------1

第一節　問題背景-------------------------------------1
第二節　研究目的-------------------------------------4
第三節　研究問題-------------------------------------5
　　　第四節　研究假設-------------------------------------5
　　　第五節　研究範圍與限制-------------------------------5
　　　第六節　名詞解釋-------------------------------------6

第貳章 文獻探討-----------------------------------------8

　　　第一節 自由基的產生---------------------------------8
　　　第二節　自由基的來源--------------------------------11
　　　第三節　肌肉損傷------------------------------------14
　　　第四節　體內的抗氧化系統----------------------------15
　　　第五節　運動與抗氧化能力----------------------------17
　　　第六節　補充抗氧化劑對運動的關係--------------------20
　　　第七節　抗氧化劑與運動表現相關性--------------------24

第參章 材料與方法--------------------------------------25

　　　第一節 研究對象------------------------------------25
　　　第二節 研究時間與地點------------------------------25
　　　第三節 實驗設計------------------------------------26
　　　第四節 實驗材料------------------------------------26
　　　第五節 實驗方法------------------------------------28
　　　第六節 統計分析------------------------------------36

第肆章 結果與討論--------------------------------------37

第一節 受試者基本資料及比賽成績--------------------37
第二節 結果----------------------------------------37
第三節 討論----------------------------------------39

第伍章 結論與建議--------------------------------------43

第一節 結論----------------------------------------43
第二節 建議----------------------------------------43

引用文獻--------------------------------------------------45

圖表------------------------------------------------------60

附錄------------------------------------------------------73

中文部分

劉錫崑、曾文培（2005）：抗氧化劑與運動表現相關之探討。大專體育，80，202-212。
劉錫崑、曾文培（2006a）：活性氧物種對肌肉衰退症影響之探討。彰化師大體育學報，6，103-113。
劉錫崑、曾文培（2006b）：激烈運動造成氧化壓力之探討。彰化師大體育學報，6，202-213。

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