臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隧道通風及排煙在捷運系統、鐵路系統，以及其它工程方面為設計上必須審慎分析之課題，本論文即以數值模擬之手法深入探討此主題。依列車系統之運轉模式，主要可分為列車正常運轉模式、列車塞車模式和緊急火災模式。本研究首先以一維模式分析此三種運轉狀況，分別以有無月台下方排氣(under plateform exhaust, UPE)兩設計條件討論活塞效應、隧道內溫度及火災排煙等問題；而後利用此一維模式之分析結果為邊界條件，進一步以計算流體力學(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)手法，透過三維之分析深入討論上述三種運轉模式下隧道內之速度場、溫度場、煙流，以及壓力分佈之情況。一維模式之模擬顯示，有UPE確可有效降低隧道內之溫度而符合設計之需求，亦可於列車塞車及緊急火災時提供持續之排熱及通風，本一維模式可得出隧道通風機等各設計尺寸，以達到設計之要求；此外，三維CFD模擬成功地分析出各操作模式下之流場、溫度場及壓力場，尤其於緊急火災模式時可合理地模擬出煙流方向，有效提供設計者及爾後行車運轉時之重要數據。
本研究成功地以一維模式之分析結果，提供做為三維CFD細部模擬之邊界條件做進一步分析，克服了隧道通風及排煙於設計時期各操作條件取得之困難，使工程人員在隧道設計初期即可掌握各種情況，建造出安全而舒適之隧道環境。本論文成功建立之分析模式及所得之合理模擬結果將對爾後設計建造各列車系統有先驅性及突破性之貢獻。

Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust when trains on fire are serious and important topics in constructing subway, railway and other vehicular tunnels. Numerical simulations on these topics are performed in this thesis. The training operation situations are divided into three possible modes: normal mode, congestion mode and emergency fire mode. The influences of length and area of track way exhaust on piston effect are also considered. One-dimensional dynamic simulation is first performed to study the three modes with or without under plateform exhaust (UPE). Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and smoke concentration are obtained and discussed. The 1-D results are then used as the boundary conditions for three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to study the detail phonomena of these three operating modes.
From 1-D simulation results, the use of UPE can effectively lower the temperature inside the tunnel to meet the design requirement. Also UPE can be served as continuous exhausting and heat rejecting ways when on fire. The 1-D results are reasonable and show that one can perform the conceptual design through the present 1-D model. Furthermore, CFD simulations combined 1-D results are successfully adapted in analyzing the tunnel environmental control problems in present study. Especially in the emergency fire mode, the CFD results reasonally show the smoke direction and concentration. These results are very important to the public as tunnel fires occurred in many track way systems around the woved.
This thesis combines the 1-D and 3-D simulations and successfully studies the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust problems, The difficulties in obtaining or deciding the boundary conditions for simulations in these problems are overcome. The present simulation models and results can contribute to the design and operation of vehicular tunnels.

摘要..........................................................i
Abstract.....................................................ii
誌謝........................................................iii
目次.........................................................iv
表目錄.......................................................vi
圖目錄.......................................................vii
符號說明...................................................xviii
英文字母...................................................xviii
希臘字母.....................................................xxi
第一章緒論.................................................1
1.1前言.................................................1
1.2研究主題與文獻回顧...................................1
1.3研究內容與研究方法...................................2
第二章隧道通風設計條件及設計準則...........................4
2.1　設計條件及設計準則.......................................4
2.2　列車參數.................................................5
2.3　輸入之相關資料...........................................5
2.4　隧道通風系統設備規範.....................................7
第三章一維地下鐵環控模擬(SES)程式模擬分析..................8
3.1　簡介.....................................................8
3.2　地下鐵環境模擬程式簡介...................................8
3.2.1　程式架構...............................................8
3.3　隧道通風系統幾何配置.....................................13
3.3.1　車站區.................................................13
3.3.2　隧道區.................................................14
3.3.3　橫渡線隧道區及機廠線隧道口.............................15
3.3.4　通風井.................................................15
3.3.5　月台門及月台下排氣系統（UPE)...........................16
3.4　結果與討論........................................16
3.4.1　正常操作模式..........................................16
3.4.2　緊急操作模式...........................................19
3.4.3　塞車操作模式...........................................34
3.4.4　通風井截面積及長度對活塞效應之影響.....................39
3.4.5　不同活塞效應及電聯車速度下隧道及車站軌道區溫度之變化...43
第四章三維計算流力程式PHOENICS模擬分析....................44
4.1　PHOENICS程式簡介.........................................44
4.1.1　程式架構..............................................44
4.2　數值分析模式............................................45
4.2.1鬆弛因子(Relaxation Factor)與收斂標準...............47
4.3 模擬案例與條件設定......................................50
4.3.1　車站區塞車模式........................................50
4.3.2　隧道區火災模式........................................51
4.3.3　車站區火災模式........................................52
4.3.4　列車通過車站模式.......................................56
4.4 結果與討論..............................................57
4.4.1　車站區塞車模式.........................................57
4.4.2　隧道區火災模式.........................................58
4.4.3　車站區火災模式.........................................62
4.4.4　列車通過車站模式.......................................67
第五章結論................................................71
參考文獻...................................................167
作者簡介...................................................169

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