臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文採用氟摻雜氧化錫（FTO）玻璃或可撓式氧化銦錫/聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ITO / PET）製備染料敏化太陽能電池（DSSCs）。光陽極為雙層結構，首先，我們藉由濺鍍系統在FTO玻璃上沉積氧化鋁鋅（AZO）晶種層，然後藉由水熱法在AZO晶種層上生長氧化鋅（ZnO）奈米柱。最後，我們藉由刮刀法將二氧化鈦（TiO2）沉積在ZnO奈米柱上，光陽極已經完成。 ZnO奈米柱可以增加染料吸附量。在另一部分中，藉由還原氧化石墨烯（rGO）修飾鉑（Pt）。 rGO為二維材料，具有高表面積及面積與體積比。藉由刮刀法將rGO沉積於鉑對電極上，它可以增強對電極之電催化活性。最後，我們測量染料敏化太陽能電池（DSSCs）之電流密度 - 電壓曲線，使用電化學阻抗譜（EIS）測量阻抗，並使用場發射掃描電子顯微鏡（FE-SEM）觀察DSSCs之表面形貌。此新結構可以使光陽極吸收之染料增加。我們藉由紫外-可見光譜瞭解當前之情況。因此使得光陽極吸收染料之能力增加，此反而增加了電池之短路電流密度，將光伏轉換效率由3.71％提高至4.87％。另外，我們製作DSSC模組，其串聯2個並聯2個並進行穩定性分析。此外，DSSCs在不同之光強度下測量。對應於該結果，當光強度由100mW / cm2降低至30mW / cm2時，填充因子及光伏轉換效率從52.85％增至63.45％和4.01％至5.25％。當DSSCs在T5熒光燈(其光強度為0.2 mW/cm2至1.7 mW/cm2)下操作時，光伏轉換效率增至7.82％。

In this thesis, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass or flexible indium tin oxide/ polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET). The photoanode was double layer structure. Firstly, we deposited the Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) seed layer on FTO glass by sputter system and then grew the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on the AZO seed layer by hydrothermal method. Finally, we deposited the titanium dioxide (TiO2) on ZnO nanorods by the doctor blade method, the photoanode had been finished. The ZnO nanorods could increase the dye adsorption. In the other part, the platinum (Pt) modified is by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO is two-dimensional materials, which has a high surface and area-to-volume ratio. The rGO was deposited on platinum counter electrode by the doctor-blade method and it can enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the counter electrode. Finally, we measured the current density-voltage curves of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure impedance and used field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe surface morphology of the DSSCs. This new structure could make dye absorbed in a photoanode increase. We know the current situation by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Consequently, This produced an increase in the photoanode ability to absorb the dye, which in turn increased the cell’s short circuit current density, raising the photovoltaic conversion efficiency from 3.71% to 4.87%. In addition, we made the DSSCs module which connected 2 devices in series and 2 devices in parallel and performed the stability analysis. In addition, The DSSCs was measured under the different light intensities. Corresponding to the results, when the light intensity was reduced from 100 mW/cm2 to 30 mW/cm2, the fill factor and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency were increased from 52.85 % to 63.45 % and 4.01 % to 5.25 %, respectively. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency was grown up to 7.82 % when the DSSCs were operated under T5 fluorescent light which light intensities were 0.2 mW/cm2 - 1.7 mW/cm2.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xiii
Chapter 1 Background and Motive 1
1.1 Background 1
1.1.1 Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSCs) 3
1.1.2 Flexible Dye-sensitized Solar Cell 5
1.1.3 Development of Working Electrode 6
1.1.4 Development of Electrolyte 8
1.1.5 Development of Counter Electrode 10
1.2 Motive and Purpose 12
1.3 Synopsis of Dissertation 14
Chapter 2 Introduction 19
2.1 Structure of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell 19
2.1.1 Transparent Substrate for Electrode of DSSCs 20
2.2 Working Principles for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell 22
2.3 Materials for Photoanode 24
2.3.1 Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) 24
2.3.2 Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) 25
2.4 Definition of Photovoltaic Parameters 27
2.4.1 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 27
2.4.2 Short Circuit Current Density (Jsc) 29
2.4.3 Fill Factor (FF) 30
2.4.4 Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency (η) 31
2.4.5 Incident Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) (η) 33
Chapter 3 Experimental 40
3.1 Materials 40
3.2 Fabrication of Dye-sensitized Cell (DSSCs) 41
3.2.1 Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods Composite and Paste for Dye-sensitized Cell 43
3.2.2 Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/ Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) Nanosheet Composite and Paste for Dye-sensitized Cell 45
3.2.3 Fabrication of Platinum (Pt) Counter Electrode for Dye-sensitized Cell 47
3.2.4 Fabrication of Platinum (Pt)/ Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Composited Counter Electrode for Dye-sensitized Cell 48
3.2.5 Process of Packaging Dye-sensitized Cell 50
3.2.6 Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Modules Prepared in Parallel and Series 51
3.3 Instruments 52
3.3.1 Solar Simulator (MFS-PV-Basic-HMT, Taiwan) 52
3.3.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 53
3.3.3 Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis) 54
3.3.4 Luxometer 55
3.3.5 Radio Frequency Sputtering 55
3.3.6 Incident Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) 56
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 64
4.1 Characteristics of ZnO Nanorods/TiO2 Photoanode for DSSCs 64
4.1.1 Surface Morphology of ZnO/TiO2 Photoanode 64
4.1.2 Ultraviolet–visible Spectroscopy 66
4.1.3 Measurement of Photovoltaic Parameters for DSSCs Based on ZnO Nanorods/TiO2 Photoanode 67
4.1.4 Measurement of Incident Photon-to-electron Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) for DSSCs Based on ZnO Nanorods/TiO2 Photoanode 70
4.1.5 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 73
4.1.6 Performance of Modularized and Packaged DSSCs 76
4.2 Characteristics of AZO Nanosheet/TiO2 Photoanode and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/ Platinum (Pt) Counter Electorde for DSSCs 77
4.2.1 Surface Morphology of AZO Nanosheet/TiO2 Photoanode 77
4.2.2 Raman Spectra of rGO 79
4.2.3 Measurement of Photovoltaic Parameters of rGO/Pt Counter Electrode with AZO Photoanode for DSSCs 80
4.2.4 Measurement of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 85
4.2.5 Performances of DSSCs Under Low Light Intensities 88
4.2.6 Characteristics of ZnO Nanorod/TiO2-rGO Photoanode 92
4.2.7 Comparing with ZnO Nanorod/TiO2 Photoanode and AZO nanosheet/TiO2 Photoanode 94
4.3 Characteristics of DSSCs in Series and Parallel Based on 3D Printing Substrate 99
4.3.1 Characteristics and Analysis of Series Connection 99
4.3.2 Characteristics and Analysis of Parallel Connection 100
4.3.3 Photovoltaic Characterizations of DSSCs Modules in Series-parallel 101
4.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of DSSCs in Series-parallel 102
4.3.5 Photovoltaic Characterizations of DSSC modules 103
4.3.6 Photovoltaic Performances of DSSC Modules in Parallel-grid Connection 105
Chapter 5 Conclusions 172
Chapter 6 Future Prospects 176
References 178
Appendices 212
1. 許渭州 委員 212
2. 楊勝州 委員 225
3. 賴志賢 委員 232
4. 周學韜 委員 244
5. 周榮泉 委員 260

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