臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究利用ㄧARM9微處理器為核芯之嵌入式發展版(Creator)來實現一個多功能指紋辨識門禁安全系統。整體系統主要由三個部份組成: Creator, server與網路通訊程式。待軟體開發環境建置完成後，再將程式移植至嵌入式發展版上驗證。Creator端主要功能為擷取指紋與建立指紋身份檔(Fingerprint ID file)並送往server端作比對。server端則負責接收指紋身份檔，經比對後再將結果回傳至Creator端。server端可藉由比對的紀錄來管理門禁與管制區的設備(如 PC)。本安全系統利用網路通訊來達到系統各部份的資訊交換，並且可便利地擴大系統規模。指紋辨識演算法包括影像強化去雜訊、指紋流向偵測、二值化、細線化、特徵擷取、後處理與結構式比對。在此，我們提出了一個改良式的二值化方法，其僅需少量的處理時間，十分適合於嵌入式系統應用。

In this research, a multi-function fingerprint security system is developed. Such an application was successfully realized via a commercial development board, so-called the “Creator”, with an embedded ARM CPU. The overall structure of the proposed security system mainly consists of three parts: a Creator as the client, a PC-based server, and the network programming based communications part. After establishing the embedded software development environment, and porting the functions on the Creator board, the on-board ARM CPU executes all required calculations for fingerprint feature extraction in a real-time fashion, and plays the central role of the system. The PC-based server then receives feature vectors from the Creator to perform the task of fingerprint matching further. According to the results of matching, the server controls the entrance of the restricted area (for example, a Lab). In the meantime, the server also controls the access to the equipment or machines, such as PC’s, in the area. Such a security system actually takes the advantage of internet communications technology for information transmission from a remote measurement site (client) to the monitoring and controlling center (server). In addition, a modified image binarization algorithm is also proposed in this study. It has the merits of lower time and memory complexity, and thus is very suitable for the applications into the embedded systems.

第一章 序論 ……………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究背景 ………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ………………………………………… 2
1.3 研究方法 ………………………………………………….. 4
1.4 全文架構 ……………………………………….………….. 5
第二章 建構嵌入式系統 ………………………………………… 6
2.1 嵌入式系統簡介 ………………………………………… 6
2.1.1 嵌入式系統硬體平台 ……………………………….. 7
2.1.2 嵌入式系統軟體平台 ……………………………….. 8
2.2 系統硬體開發環境 ………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 Creator PreSOC 嵌入式系統平台 ………………… 10
2.2.2 ARM CPU Family …………………………..………… 11
2.2.3 Samsung S3C2410 CPU 模組 …………….………… 12
2.2.4 其他硬體設備 ………………………………………… 13
2.3 系統軟體開發環境 …………………………………………. 15
2.3.1 跨平台開發工具(cross-platform development tool) ... 15
2.4 核心編譯(kernel compilation) …………………………… 17
2.5根檔案系統(root filesystem)規劃 ……………………………. 19
2.5.1 根檔案系統內容 …………………………………….. 21
2.5.2 利用BusyBox製作使用者工具 ……….…………. 22
2.5.3 函式庫(/lib)內容 ……………………………………. 23
2.5.4 裝置檔 …………………………………………….. 25
2.6 開機載入程式(bootloader) ……………………………….. 26
第三章 指紋影像處理 ……………………………………………… 28
3.1 指紋生理特性 ……………………………………………. 28
3.2 指紋特徵分類 ……………………………………………. 29
3.3 指紋影像前處理 ………………………………………… 29
3.3.1 影像強化與去雜訊 ……………………………….. 30
3.3.2 流向偵測(Direction detection) ……………………… 33
3.3.3 二值化(Binarization) ……………………………….. 37
3.3.3.1 Regional Average Thresholding (RAT) …..… 38
3.3.3.2 二值化濾波(filter method) …………………. 40
3.3.3.3改良式二值化濾波(modified filter method) ……. 42
3.3.4 細線化(Thinning Algorithm) ………………………. 44
第四章 特徵擷取與比對 ……………….………………………… 47
4.1 特徵擷取(Feature extraction) ……………………………. 47
4.2 後處理(postprocessing) ………………….………………… 48
4.3 特徵比對演算法(Minutiae Matching Algorithm) …….….. 53
4.3.1 結構式比對演算法(Structure Matching Algorithm) …. 54
4.3.2 特徵向量建立(Build up feature vector) ……………… 54
4.3.3 結構式比對法則(Structure Matching Rule) ………….. 56
第五章 系統整合與實驗結果 …………………………………….. 61
5.1 程式移植 …………………………………………………. 61
5.2 TCP/IP網路協定與socket介面 …………..……………….. 62
5.2.1 TCP socket網路程式 ………………………………. 64
5.2.2 其餘常用的socket函式 ………………………….. 68
5.3 系統整合 ………………………………………………… 69
5.4 實驗結果 ………………………………………………… 73
5.4.1 指紋影像處理 ………………………………….. 73
5.4.2 程式移植對照 …………………………………… 75
5.4.3 系統效能 ……………………………………….. 78
5.4.4 比對正確率 ………………………………………. 79
5.4.5 整體系統運作 …………….…….……………….. 80
第六章 結論與未來展望 …………………………………………. 83
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………. 84

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