臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今物流產業競爭激烈的市場下，各批發商或第三方物流背後的物流中心營運就佔有重要的影響，其中物流中心的揀貨作業效率將決定出貨的能力。而且為了因應顧客的需求，貨品的種類由少樣多量一直演變到現在的少量多樣或多樣多量。因此，物流中心有必要設置快速揀貨區來因應這種趨勢，而快速揀貨區又可以區分為整箱揀貨區及單件揀貨區。由於整箱揀貨及單件揀貨都需靠人工方式完成，屬於勞力密集的作業活動，如何在物流中心內規劃設計合適的快速揀貨區以減少揀貨成本和增加顧客的回應性，是一件相當不容易的議題。快速揀貨區通常容積有限，因此，快速揀貨區的規劃設計面臨兩個基本問題：1. 需要哪些庫存品項（stock keeping unit, sku）適合置於快速揀貨區？2. 所挑選的庫存品項需要放置多少數量？
這兩個問題的答案內容與品質決定了快速揀貨區的使用價值，如果挑選的庫存品項，其存放量不足，則其補貨成本將超出揀貨所節省的效益。如果挑選的庫存品項，存放量太多，會排擠其他庫存品項放在快速揀貨區的機會，影響快速揀貨區整體的效益。鑑於倉儲系統通常會分別提供整箱揀貨作業與單件揀貨作業，必須同時具有整箱揀貨快速揀貨區與單件揀貨快速揀貨區，而這兩種快速揀貨區的性質與規劃方法有所差異，因此，有必要分別探討這兩種快速揀貨區的規劃設計與求解方法。
本研究主要探討物流中心內的整箱揀貨區及單件揀貨區的規劃與設計問題，應用數學規劃模式及建立有效的啟發式求解方法，提供倉儲系統建立快速揀貨區的規劃與設計。在整箱揀貨區的規劃問題上所建立的數學規劃模式是屬於0-1整數規劃模式，在單件揀貨區的規劃問題上所建立的數學規劃模式是屬於混合整數規劃模式，都有必要尋求一種較為簡化快速的啟發式演算法來進行求解。本研究將所建立之啟發式演算法利用電腦語言撰寫應用程式，測試所建立的演算法在求解速度與品質的優異性。研究結果顯示所建立的求解方法可以快速的提供滿意的解。
關鍵詞：倉儲系統規劃、整箱揀貨區、單件揀貨區、啟發式解法。

In modern logistics industry of the highly competitive market, the wholesaler and Third-Party logistics (3PL) have a significant impact on the logistics center operations. The logistics center of the order-picking efficiency will determine its ability of shipping. In order to meet the customer demands, the types and volumes of goods have evolved to more varieties with low volume or varieties with high volume nowadays. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a fast-pick area to react with this tendency. The fast-pick area can be divided into two sections: full case pick area and piece pick area. Since both the areas need manual labors, they belong to labor intensive operation. How is the plan suitable for the design of a fast- pick area in logistics center to reduce costs and increase customer feedback is a very difficult issue. The fast-pick area is typically limited volume. Therefore, the study plans the design of a fast- pick area faces two questions：
1. Which stock-keeping units (skus) need to be placed on the fast-pick area?
2. How many items are needed to be placed?
Both answers determine the value in the use of a fast-pick area. If the sku is out of stock keeping unit, its restock costs will exceed savings benefits of the pick. If the sku is overstock, it will crowd out other skus on fast-pick area. This also affects the overall effectiveness of fast-pick area.
The warehouse provides full case pick and piece pick and so has full case pick area and piece picking area. However, the nature and plan methods are very different. Therefore, it is important to discuss two types of picking areas separately.
In this study, we apply mathematical programming models and establish effective heuristic methods, the mathematical programming model for full case pick area is established 0-1 integer programming model, the mathematical programming model for pieces-pick area is a mixed integer programming model.
In this study, we establish heuristic methods and test the methods in terms of speed and quality. The results show that the established methods provide a satisfactory solution.
Key word：Warehousing, fast-pick area, heuristic method

摘要 III
Abstract V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 問題背景 1
1.2 研究方法與架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第三章 研究方法 9
3.1 整箱揀貨快速揀貨區之規劃設計問題 9
3.1.1整箱揀貨快速揀貨區模式之建立 9
3.1.2整箱揀貨快速揀貨區啟發式演算法之建立 12
3.1.3整箱揀貨快速揀貨區啟發式演算法求解 14
3.2 單件揀貨快速揀貨區之規劃設計問題 16
3.2.1單件揀貨區規劃模式之建立 17
3.2.2單件揀貨快速揀貨區啟發式演算法之建立 19
3.2.3單件揀貨快速揀貨區啟發式演算法求解 22
第四章 個案研究分析 24
4.1 個案問題描述 24
4.2.1輪胎批發商個案驗證 24
4.3.1辦公用品批發商個案驗證 27
第五章 結論與建議 29
5.1 結論 29
5.2 未來研究方向與建議 29
參考文獻 30

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