臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以實驗方法來探討機械離心式增壓器在SI引擎的應用效能並據以研提改善其低速效能的方法。通常機械離心式增壓器的空氣流量、壓縮效率及容積效率於較高的轉速時較大；於高增壓值(壓力比)情形下，由於葉輪與殼室間密封困難洩漏量增加，會使空氣流量、壓縮效率及容積效率降低，而增壓器的最大效率會出現在較低的增壓值(壓力比)；於較高的轉速與較大的增壓值(壓力比)會使增壓器的進出口溫差上升。我們首先將運用MITSUBISHI 4G92排氣量1600c.c.之引擎作為穩定動力來源，建立一套機械離心式增壓器性能實驗系統的設備，以了解增壓器在引擎配管系統狀態之不同轉速及節氣門開度下，所能提供之空氣流率、壓力比、溫升及管內空氣流速等資訊，作為系統配置之參考依據。再以一建置完成之系統利用動力計量測引擎加裝機械離心式增壓器前後之引擎輸出動力性能、空氣流量、增壓器進出口溫度和壓力等予以分析比較，作為增壓器效能改善之方向與日後引擎匹配機械離心式增壓器之依據。
由實驗結果發現，在節氣門全開的情形下，增壓後引擎轉速在2000 RPM以下時其馬力、扭力即有些微增加，但對於性能之提昇尚不明顯，當轉速達2000 RPM時，增壓後馬力增加4.47%、扭力增加4.45%開始有較明顯的提昇，此後隨著引擎轉速上升，增壓後引擎之扭力、馬力在各不同轉速時與自然進氣下比較均有明顯增加，當轉速達5000 RPM時，增壓後馬力增加22.66%、扭力增加22.70%達到最大。自然進氣引擎進氣管路中的全壓自引擎1000~5000RPM均維持在低於大氣壓力之負壓力狀態且隨著引擎轉速增加其壓力越低，而增壓引擎則在整個轉速範圍都保持在高於大氣壓力之正壓力狀態，且隨著引擎轉速增加其壓力越高，當轉速達5000 RPM時，進氣管路全壓力達945.6mm-Hg。增壓後之空氣流率在低轉速時與自然進氣引擎相較僅有些微增加，當轉速達2000 RPM後，增壓引擎之空氣流率即有明顯效能增益。

This study is made by experimental method for the purpose of improving the performance of mechanical centrifugal supercharger at low rotational speed in SI engine. The airflow quantity, compression and volume efficiency of mechanical centrifugal supercharger are reached more higher at higher engine speed range. In high-pressure ratio condition, the impeller and the volute casing are so difficult to seal completely that would increase leakage and decrease air flow quantity, compression and volume efficiency. However the maximum efficiency of supercharger will appear at lower pressure ratio. Besides higher rotational speed and pressure ratio make more difference in temperature between the inlet and outlet of the supercharger. At first, the MITSUBISHI 4G92 1600c.c. engine affords more stable power source of driving the supercharger unit and with which we build an apparatus of performance of the mechanical centrifugal supercharger to realize the information of supercharger capacity. Such as airflow rate, pressure ratio, increasing temperature and velocity of air flow in duct under different engine rotational speed and degree of throttle valve. According to the above information to estimate and equip the engine system of supercharger, that is measured the performance of engine power, airflow rate and different temperature between the inlet and outlet of the supercharger, comparing with natural aspirated engine situation. Meanwhile, the result is supported to improve the performance of mechanical centrifugal supercharge and to arrange with a mechanical centrifugal
supercharge of engine.
Referring to the experimental result, we figure out the performance of the horsepower, torque, pressure and air flow rate that is not increased outstandingly at low rotational speed area below 2000 rpm. Under WOT situation; when rotational speed reaches 2000 rpm horsepower increases 4.47% and torque increases 4.45% comparing with natural aspirated engine. Henceforth accompanies with engine rotational speed rising the torque and horsepower produced by the supercharged engine also increasing. When rotational speed reaches 5000 rpm horsepower increases 22.66% and torque increases 22.70% to attain maximum. The pressure in the duct of natural aspirated engine wills all maintain below atmospheric pressure condition. And accompanies with engine rotational speed to increase its pressure decreasing. For supercharged engine at the whole rotational speed scope all is keeping at higher than atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the pressure and the airflow rate of duct of supercharged engine will increase with the engine speed under vary engine revolution. The quantity of supercharged airflow increases not obviously at low rotational speed area comparing
with natural aspirated engine.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3增壓系統的分類 5
1.3.1 渦輪增壓 6
1.3.2 機械增壓 8
1.3.2.1 機械增壓器的分類 9
1.3.2.2 車用增壓器的型式 10
1.3.3 機械增壓器的型式比較與特性 13
1.3.3.1 增壓器的型式比較 13
1.3.3.2 機械增壓器之特性 13
1.4研究目的 16
第二章 相關理論與參數 18
2.1引擎增壓的目的 18
2.2機械離心式增壓器作用原理 18
2.3增壓系統相關理論與參數 19
2.4引擎性能相關理論與參數 22
第三章 實驗設計與實驗設備 26
3.1實驗設計 26
3.2實驗設備與實驗步驟 26
3.2.1 機械離心式增壓器單體實驗系統 27
3.2.2 增壓器單體量測系統 28
3.2.2.1 增壓器單體量測設備 28
3.2.2.2 增壓器單體測定步驟與方法 30
3.2.3 增壓引擎動力性能實驗系統 31
3.2.4 引擎動力測試系統 35
3.2.4.1 引擎動力測試設備 35
3.2.4.2 引擎動力測定步驟與方法 39
第四章 結果與討論 41
4.1增壓器部份 41
4.1.1 不同節氣門開度下增壓器壓力、溫度之變化 41
4.1.2 不同節氣門開度下增壓器壓力比與空氣流率之變化 45
4.2引擎動力測試部份 48
4.2.1 自然與增壓進氣引擎動力性能測試比較 48
4.2.2 節氣門全開度下增壓器單體與配置引擎後性能比較 54
4.3增壓器單體與引擎動力測試有關圖表 57
第五章 結論與建議 65
5.1研究結論 65
5.2研究建議 67
參考文獻 69
附錄
A 增壓器單體測試相關數據 70
B 引擎動力性能測試相關數據 74
C 名詞詮釋 77
D 符號彙編 80
E 儀器校正 84

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