臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：足夠營養在嬰兒生長發育及認知發展是重要關鍵因素；副食品是配方奶或母乳哺餵轉換一般食物的過渡期，也是嬰兒到成長後建立食物偏好的重要時期；因此本研究動機為探討台灣地區嬰兒副食品多樣性選擇之添加以了解對其營養素攝取之影響，希冀有助於未來營養教育實施及宣導。
方法：採自國家資料庫｢2004年至2008年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查｣進行分析。研究對象為0-12個月嬰兒，排除月齡小於4個月或有補充營養補充品。資料採加權處理，並利用Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test等方法分析，統計軟體以SPSS 22.0.版進行。
結果：有、無添加副食品兩組間營養素足量比為80％達到或超過建議攝取量。其中鋅、維生素B12、維生素A以及整體營養素平均足量比，有添加副食品顯著高於無添加副食品。飲食多樣性較高之組別，各營養素足量比及整體營養素平均足量比高於飲食多樣性較低之組別。
結論：台灣地區嬰兒大部分巨量營養素攝取是足夠的，但微量營養素之攝取普遍不足。而多樣性副食品之添加，可助於各種巨量及微量營養素的足量獲得。

Purpose:
Adequate nutrients uptake is the important factor for infant growth and cognitive development. For infants, Complementary food intervention is the transitional period of breast feeding to ordinary diet and it is also the important period to develop diet preference from baby to growing up. Therefore, the aim of study is to investigate the effect of diverse complementary foods choices on nutrients uptake for infants in Taiwan. Hoping it helps to promote future nutrition education implementation and propaganda of nutrition education.
Methods:
The database of Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2004-2008 was analyzed. The subjects of study are 0 - 12 months-old infants, excluding baby age younger than 4 months and nutritional supplements intake. Data were processed by weighted approach and analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22.0.
Results:
The 80% of nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) in with and without complementary food intervention could reach or even over than Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin A and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) uptake are significantly increased in complementary feeding groups than without complementary feeding group. Both of NAR and MAR are higher in high-dietary diversity group than low-dietary diversity group.
Conclusion:
For infants in Taiwan, most of macro-nutrients uptake are sufficient, but micronutrients uptake are universally deficiency. Diverse complementary foods intervention helps to get dietary diversity adequate uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients.

致謝 i
目錄 iii
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
中文摘要 1
英文摘要 2
附錄:中英文及縮寫對照表 4
第一章 緒論 7
第一節 研究背景 7
第二節 研究目的 10
第二章 文獻查證 11
第一節 母乳及嬰兒配方乃成分比較 11
第二節 副食品添加與嬰兒生長發育之影響 16
第三節 台灣地區副食品哺餵概況 20
第四節 副食品多樣性對嬰、幼兒影響 22
第三章 研究材料與方法 24
第一節 研究設計 24
第二節 研究架構 25
第三節 研究對象 28
第四節 整體飲食之營養效益評估 28
第五節 添加副食品多樣性評估 29
第六節 資料處理與統計分析 33
第四章 結果 41
第一節 研究樣本之背景資料 41
第二節 嬰兒及家庭背景與副食品添加之關係 47
第三節 2004-2008｢國民營養健康狀況變遷調查｣4-12個月嬰
兒實際營養素攝取狀況 50
第四節 副食品的添加與4-12個月嬰兒實際營養素攝取量之
情形 54
第五節 添加副食品對營養素足量比及整體營養素平均足量比
之情形 56
第六節 食物種類熟重 58
第七節 添加副食品之嬰兒飲食多樣性概況 61
第八節 添加副食品對食物多樣性分數與各營養素足量比及整體
平均足量比之情形 64
第五章 研究限制 66
第六章 討論 67
第一節 嬰兒副食品添加情形 67
第二節 副食品添加與4-12個月嬰兒實際營養素攝取狀況 68
第三節 添加副食品營養素足量比及整體營養素平均足量比 72
第四節 有添加副食品之嬰兒食物種類攝取探討 82
第七章 結論 84
第八章 參考文獻 85

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