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This article is based on Historical structure theory and Political Economic analysis for the study to observe“Five-Year Economic Plan”, and try to explain what kind of role is “Plan” played in China's economic development. In this process, “Five-Year Economic Plan” as a national tool to extract resources, and it is consistent with the needs of the regime. It means that political and economic factors cause “Five-Year Economic Plan” to change, so this article emphasis on the concept of “endowments” to take the integrated architecture. Historical structure theory emphasis the endowments of actors is determined by the structural position, and actors constrained by the structure. Therefore actors will use the “endowments” to pursue resources in order to improve their position in the structure. In short, Communist Party of China faces a structure changing constantly after reform and opening up, so CPC need to adjust the role of “Plan”, in order to main the position of regime in the structure. This is the key to change the role of “Plan”, but not caused by ideology.
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