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研究生:蔡淑鳳
研究生(外文):Tsai, Shu-Feng
論文名稱:以紅樹植物與水生植物淡化與淨化工業區污水處理廠放流水之效能評估
論文名稱(外文):The Effectiveness Evaluation for Mangrove Plants and Aquatic Plants to Dilute and Purify the Effluent of Industrial Sewage Treatment Plant
指導教授:童淑珠童淑珠引用關係
指導教授(外文):Tung, Shu-Chu
口試委員:邱春惠翁義聰
口試委員(外文):Chiu, Chuen-HueyUeng, Yih-Tsong
口試日期:2013-06-01
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:崑山科技大學
系所名稱:環境工程研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2013
畢業學年度:101
語文別:中文
論文頁數:103
中文關鍵詞:紅樹林植物水生植物耐鹽淡化淨化
外文關鍵詞:mangrove plantsaquatic plantssalt-tolerantdesalinationpurification
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本研究利用紅樹植物與水生植物以淡化與淨化工業區污水處理廠之放流水,在實驗室試種的結果,發現植物的最高蓄鹽量各不同。海茄苳在50‰的環境鹽度,植株體內每克乾重的最高蓄鹽量為71.3 mg;紅海欖在25‰的環境鹽度,最高蓄鹽量為67.9 mg;水筆仔在25‰的環境鹽度,最高蓄鹽量為52.1 mg;欖李在35‰的環境鹽度,最高蓄鹽量為46.8 mg;美人蕉在20‰的環境鹽度,最高蓄鹽量為30.6 mg等。接近生態池的環境鹽度(7-10‰)下,海茄苳、紅海欖、水筆仔、美人蕉及欖李每克乾重鹽分累積量依序為46、32.5、27.8、22.6及21.1 mg等。植物對鹽分的耐受性,除了水筆仔與美人蕉分別只耐受到30‰與20‰的環境鹽度以外,紅海欖至少可達45‰,海茄苳與欖李至少達50‰。受測植物各部位鹽分累積量多以葉片最高。生態池試種的結果,水體鹽度大約維持7‰,檢測時間前後間隔6個月,植株每克乾重鹽分累積量為海茄苳13.3-37.7 mg、紅海欖17.4-26.8 mg、欖李6.4-17.1 mg、美人蕉10.6-14.9 mg、水蠟燭15.7-20.3 mg、傘輪莎草17.1-20.6 mg。同樣的鹽度環境下,隨著生長時間的增加,植物體內鹽分累積量沒有持續增加,而呈現一個飽和量。
海茄苳、水筆仔、欖李及美人蕉在環境鹽度上升時,植株體內鹽分上升幅度最小的是莖部,最大的是葉片,當環境每增加一個單位鹽度(1‰),莖的每克乾重鹽分增加0.27 mg-0.97 mg,葉的每克乾重增加1.34 mg-3.71 mg,根的每克乾重增加0.51 mg-1.28 mg。紅海欖的根、莖及葉每克乾重鹽分增加的量分別為4.02 mg、1.91 mg及0.45 mg。
全株平均氮含量海茄苳為1.59%、紅海欖為0.79%、欖李為0.69%、美人蕉為2.60%、水蠟燭為1.61%及傘輪莎草為2.71%等;而全株平均磷含量則是海茄苳為0.04%、紅海欖為0.06%、欖李為0.04%、美人蕉為0.09%、水蠟燭為0.10%及傘輪莎草為0.09%等。三種紅樹林植物以海茄苳的氮含量1.59%為最高,紅海欖的磷含量0.06%為最高。所有受測植物則以傘輪莎草的氮含量2.71%最高,磷則以水蠟燭0.10%最高。
生態池的氧化渠,銨氮去除率為3.0%,硝酸鹽氮去除率為0.8%,對氮的去除效能不顯著。磷酸鹽去除率4.7%,磷的去除效果不顯著。鋅的去除率約0.7%。

In this study, mangrove plants and aquatic plants diluted and purified the effluent of industrial sewage treatment plant. According to the results of the laboratory cultivation, the highest salt storage of the plant was different. The salt accumulation of the Avicennia was 71.3 mg per gram with 50‰ ambient salinity. That of the Rhizophora was 67.9 mg with 25‰ ambient salinity. That of the Kandelia was 52.1 mg with 25‰ ambient salinity. That of the Lumnitzera was 46.8 mg per gram with 35‰ ambient salinity. And the salt accumulation of the Canna was 30.6 mg per gram with 20‰ salinity. Close to the ambient salinity of the ecological pool (7-10‰), the salt accumulation of per gram dry weight of the Avicennia, the Rhizophora, the Kandelia, the Canna, the Lumnitzera sequenced to 46 mg, 32.5 mg, 27.8 mg, 22.6 mg, 21.1 mg. About the salt tolerability of the plant, Kandelia and Canna only resistanced to 30‰ and 20‰ ambient salinity, Rhizophora was at least up to 45%, Avicennia and Lumnitzera were at least up to 50‰. The salt accumulation in various parts of the plant under test was mostly in the leaves. We could see the mangrove plants and aquatic plants in order to remove too much salt falling by the old leaves, and it could dilute the salinity of the water. According to the results of the ecological pool cultivation, the salinity of the water was about to maintain 7%. The interval between the first and the second detection time was 6 months, and the salt accumulation of per gram dry weight in the plant was 13.3-37.7 mg of Avicennia, 17.4-26.8 mg of Rhizophora, 6.4-17.1 mg of Lumnitzera, 10.6-14.9 mg of Canna, 15.7-20.3 mg of Typha angustifolia, 17.1-20.6 mg of The umbrella round of sedge. Under the same ambient salinity, with the increase of growth time, the salt accumulation of the plants did not continue to increase, while showing the amount of saturation.
While the ambient salinity increased, the salt of the stems of Avicennia, Kandelia, Lumnitzera, and Canna increased the smallest, the salt of the leaves increased the largest. When per unit increased in salinity (‰) , per gram dry weight of the salt of the stem increased to 0.27-0.97 mg, per gram dry weight of the leaf increased to 1.34-3.71 mg, per gram dry weight of the root increased to 0.51 -1.28 mg. The per gram dry weight of the root, the stem, the leaf of Rhizophora was 4.02 mg,1.91 mg, 0.45 mg.
The average nitrogen content of the whole plant of Avicennia was 1.59%, Rhizophora was 0.79%, Lumnitzera was 0.69%, Canna was 2.60%, Typha angustifolia was 1.61%, The umbrella round of sedge was 2.71%;The average phosphorus content of the whole plant of Avicennia was 0.04%, Rhizophora was 0.06%, Lumnitzera was 0.04%, Canna was 0.09%, Typha angustifolia was 0.10%, The umbrella round of sedge is 0.09%. Among the three mangrove, the highest nitrogen content was 1.59% of Avicennia, the highest phosphorus content was 0.06% of Rhizophora. The highest nitrogen content of all the measured plants was 2.71% of the umbrella round of sedge and the highest phosphorus content was 0.10% of Typha angustifolia.
About the oxidized drainage of the ecological pool, the ammonium nitrogen removal rate was 3.0%, the nitrate nitrogen removal rate was 0.8%. It is not significant to the nitrogen removal performance. The phosphate removal rate was 4.7%, and the effect of phosphorus removal was not significant.The Zinc removal rate of approximately was 0.7%.

摘 要---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
Abstract-----------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
誌 謝---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
目 錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅵ
表 目 錄------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
圖 目 錄------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅹ
第一章 前言----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 研究緣起---------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究目的---------------------------------------------------------------------2
第二章 文獻回顧-------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1 人工濕地---------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1.1 人工濕地的定義--------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1.2 人工濕地的類型--------------------------------------------------------------3
2.2 紅樹林植物的簡介--------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2.1 紅樹林植物的分布與功能-------------------------------------------------------6
2.2.2 紅樹林植物生長的影響因子-----------------------------------------------------9
2.2.3 紅樹林植物淨化污水的機制----------------------------------------------------12
2.2.4 紅樹林植物淨化污水的效能----------------------------------------------------14
2.3 水生植物之水質淨化應用--------------------------------------------------------15
2.3.1 水生植物的選擇與功能-------------------------------------------------------15
2.3.2 水生植物去除水體污染物的機制------------------------------------------------20
2.3.3 水生植物淨化水質的效益------------------------------------------------------26
2.3.4 水生植物植體的氮磷含量------------------------------------------------------29
2.4 工業廢水的特性---------------------------------------------------------------31
2.4.1 工業廢水的分類-------------------------------------------------------------31
2.4.2 工業放流水標準-------------------------------------------------------------33
第三章 實驗方法------------------------------------------------------------------35
3.1 研究架構--------------------------------------------------------------------35
3.2 植物特性--------------------------------------------------------------------36
3.2.1 海茄苳--------------------------------------------------------------------36
3.2.2 紅海欖--------------------------------------------------------------------38
3.2.3 水筆仔--------------------------------------------------------------------39
3.2.4 欖李---------------------------------------------------------------------40
3.2.5 美人蕉--------------------------------------------------------------------41
3.3 研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------------41
3.3.1 植體鹽分試驗--------------------------------------------------------------41
3.3.2 植體元素分析--------------------------------------------------------------46
3.3.3 現場水質檢測--------------------------------------------------------------48
第四章 結果與討論----------------------------------------------------------------53
4.1 植體鹽分試驗----------------------------------------------------------------53
4.1.1 海茄苳--------------------------------------------------------------------53
4.1.2 紅海欖--------------------------------------------------------------------58
4.1.3 水筆仔--------------------------------------------------------------------63
4.1.4 欖李---------------------------------------------------------------------66
4.1.5 美人蕉--------------------------------------------------------------------71
4.1.6 綜合討論------------------------------------------------------------------75
4.2 植體氮磷元素分析-------------------------------------------------------------78
4.3 植體生長對水質的淨化效能------------------------------------------------------83
第五章 結論與建議----------------------------------------------------------------92
5.1 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------92
5.2 建議-----------------------------------------------------------------------93
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------94

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