英文部分
Applebaum, King, & Finucane. (1990). The outcome of CPR initiated in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc, 38(3), 197-200.
Birtwistle, & Nielsen. (1998). Do not resuscitate: an ethical dilemma for the decision-maker. British Journal of Nursing, 7(9), 543-549.
Blackhall, & Leslie. (1987). Must We Always Use CPR? New England Journal of Medicine, 317(20), 1281-1285.
Bloom, Shukrullah, Cuellar, Lloyd, Dudley, & Zafari. (2007). Long-term survival after successful inhospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. Am Heart J, 153(5), 831-836.
Brown, B. A. (2003). The History of Advance Directives: A Literature Review: The Patient Self-Determination Act is one step needed to move to a more patient-centered health care system; nurses can aid in preserving patients'' rights by helping older adults develop advance directives. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 29(9), 4-14.
Brown, M., Grbich, C., Maddocks, I., Parker, D., Connellan, P. R., & Willis, E. (2005). Documenting end of life decisions in residential aged care facilities in South Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health, 29(1), 85-90.
Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association(2012). World Hospice Palliative Care Day: Millions of older people miss out on end of life care. October 12, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.acsp.net/news-and-events/news-item-20.aspx
Chao, C.-S. (2002). Physicians attitudes toward DNR of terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan. J Nurs Res, 10(3), 161-167.
Cho, J., Lee, S., Ahn, J., Han, M., Park, J., & Lee, W. (2010). Attitudes, experience, and factors associated with confidence regarding do-not-resuscitate practice. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(15), 195-197.
Chih-Yuan Shih, Tai-Yuan Chiu, Long-Teng Lee, Chien-An Yao, Ching-Yu Chen, and Wen-Yu Hu.(2010). What Factors Are Important in Increasing Junior Doctors'' Willingness To Provide Palliative Care in Taiwan? An Educational Intervention Study.Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13(10), 1245-1251.
Cooper, Janghorbani, & Cooper. (2006). A decade of in-hospital resuscitation: outcomes and prediction of survival? Resuscitation, 68(2), 231-237.
Cramer, McCorkle, Cherlin, Johnson-Hurzeler, & Bradley. (2003). Nurses'' attitudes and practice related to hospice care. J Nurs Scholarsh, 35(3), 249-255.
Duke, & Thompson. (2007). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing personnel regarding advance directives. Int J Palliat Nurs., 13(3), 109-115.
Edmond, Lissa. (2008).Nurses More Confident in Their Ability to Initiate DNR Discussions Than Physicians. Pulmonary Reviews,13(7),17.
Giles, H., & Moule, P. (2004). ''Do not attempt resuscitation'' decision-making: a study exploring the attitudes and experiences of nurses. Nurs Crit Care, 9(3), 115-122.
Goodlin, S. J., Zhong, Z., Lynn, J., Teno, J. M., Fago, J. P., Desbiens, N., Phillips, R. S. (1999). Factors associated with use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in seriously ill hospitalized adults. JAMA, 282(24), 2333-2339.
Gordon, M., & Schwartz, B. E. (1996). Do-not-resuscitate practice, guidelines and policies in long-term care in Ontario: results of a survey. Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can, 29(6), 332-335.
Hashimoto, Y., Moriya, F, & Furumiya, J. (2007). Forensic aspects of complications resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Leg Med, 9(2), 94-99.
Herlitz, J., Bang, A., Gunnarsson, J., Engdahl, J., Karlson, B. W., Lindqvist, J., & Waagstein, L. (2003). Factors associated with survival to hospital discharge among patients hospitalised alive after out of hospital cardiac arrest: change in outcome over 20 years in the community of Goteborg, Sweden. Heart, 89(1), 25-30.
Herlitz, J., Eek, M., Engdahl, J., Holmberg, M., & Holmberg, S. (2003). Factors at resuscitation and outcome among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in relation to age. Resuscitation, 58(3), 309-317.
Hertogh, C. M. (2006). Advance care planning and the relevance of a palliative care approach in dementia.Age Ageing, 35(6), 553-555.
Jezewski, & Finnell. (1998). The meaning of DNR status: oncology nurses'' experiences with patients and families. Cancer Nurs , 21(3), 212-221.
Jezewski, M. A., & Finnell, D. S. (1998). The meaning of DNR status: oncology nurses'' experiences with patients and families.Cancer Nurs, 21(3), 212-221.
Johnson, C. B., & Slaninka, S. C. (1999). Barriers to accessing hospice services before a late terminal stage. Death Stud, 23(3), 225-238.
Khalafi, K., Ravakhah, K., & West, B. C. (2001). Avoiding the futility of resuscitation. Resuscitation, 50(2), 161-166.
Kim, C., Becker, L., & Eisenberg, M. S. (2000). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in octogenarians and nonagenarians. Arch Intern Med, 160(22), 3439-3443.
Levy, Fish, & Kramer. (2005). Do-not-resuscitate and do-not-hospitalize directives of persons admitted to skilled nursing facilities under the Medicare benefit. J Am Geriatr Soc, 53(12), 2060-2068.
Liu, L. F., & Tinker, A. (2001). Factors associated with nursing home entry for older people in Taiwan, Republic of China. J Interprof Care, 15(3), 245-255.
Lund. (1990). Conflicts in ethics. Is DNR the right choice? Geriatr Nurs, 11(6), 291-292.
Mallory, J. L. (2003). The impact of a palliative care educational component on attitudes toward care of the dying in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 19(5), 305-312.
Markenson, D., Ferguson, J. D., Chameides, L., Cassan, P., Chung, K. L., Epstein, J., .Singer, A. (2010). Part 17: first aid: 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid.Circulation, 122(18 Suppl 3), S934-946.
Mitchell, S. L., Kiely, D. K., & Hamel, M. B. (2004). Dying with advanced dementia in the nursing home. Arch Intern Med, 164(3), 321-326.
Murphy, Sweeney, & Chiriboga. (2000). An Educational Intervention for Advance Directives Journal of Professional Nursing, 16(1), 21-30.
Naess, M. (2009). "Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation"-orders in ICCUs: a survey of attitudes and experiences of nurses in Norway. Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 25(3), 140-146.
Neisser, U.(1976).Cognition and reality. San Francisco:Freeman.
Ogle, K. S., & Hopper, K. (2005). End-of-life care for older adults. Prim Care, 32(3), 811-828.
Oliver, D. P., Porock, D., & Zweig, S. (2005). End-of-life care in U.S. nursing homes: a review of the evidence. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 6(3 Suppl), S21-30.
O’Hanlon, S., O''Connor, M., Peters, C., & O’Connor, M. (2013). Nurses’ attitudes towards Do Not Attempt Resuscitation orders. Clinical Nursing Studies, 1(1), 43-50.
Paeker, S. M., Clayton, J. M., Hancock, K., Walder, S., Butow, P. N., Carrick, S.,et al. (2007). A Systematic review of prognostic/end-of-life communication with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness: Patient/caregiver preferences for the content, atyle, and timing of information. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 34(1), 81-93.
Payne, S. A., Dean, S. J., & Kalus, C. (1998). A comparative study of death anxiety in hospice and emergency nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 700-706.
Reinke, L. F., Shannon, S. E., Engelberg, R. A., Young, J. P., & Curtis, J. R. (2010). Supporting hope and prognostic information: nurses'' perspectives on their role when patients have life-limiting prognoses. J Pain Symptom Manage, 39(6), 982-992.
Robbins, S.P. (2003).Organizational Behavior 10/e. New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
Rolland, R. A., & Kalman, M. (2007). Nurses'' attitudes about end-of-life referrals. J N Y State Nurses Assoc, 38(2), 10-12.
Sandra, & Elizabeth. (2009). Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes/Beliefs, and Care Practices Concerning Do Not Resuscitate Status for Hospitalized Neonates. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 38(2), 195-205.
Schlegel, K. L., & Shannon, S. E. (2000). Legal guidelines related to end-of-life decisions: are nurse practitioners knowledgeable? J Gerontol Nurs, 26(9), 14-24.
Shah MN, F. R., Lerner EB. (2007). Cardiac arrests in skilled nursing facilities: continuing room for improvement? . J Am Med Dir Assoc., 8(3), 27-31.
Sheehan, D. K., & Schirm, V. (2003). End-of-life care of older adults.Am J Nurs, 103(11), 48-51, 54-48.
Shih, C. Y., Chiu, T. Y., Lee, L. T., Yao, C. A., Chen, C. Y., & Hu, W. Y. (2010). What factors are important in increasing junior doctors'' willingness to provide palliative care in Taiwan? An educational intervention study. J Palliat Med, 13(10), 1245-1251.
Skrifvars MB, C. M., Nurmi J, Thoren AB, Aune S, Herlitz J. (2007). Do patient characteristics or factors at resuscitation influence long-term outcome in patients surviving to be discharged following in-hospital cardiac arrest? J Intern Med, 262(4), 488-495.
Thibault-Prevost, J., Jensen, L. A., & Hodgins, M. (2000). Critical care nurses'' perceptions of DNR status. J Nurs Scholarsh, 32(3), 259-265.
Tresch, D. D., Neahring, J. M., Duthie, E. H., Mark, D. H., Kartes, S. K., & Aufderheide, T. P. (1993). Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in nursing homes: can we predict who will benefit? Am J Med, 95(2), 123-130.
Wallace, Ewer, Price, & Feeley. (2002). Outcome and cost implications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the medical intensive care unit of a comprehensive cancer center. Supportive Care in Cancer, 10(5), 425-429.
Westen, D.(2008).Psychology. New York :Wiley.
Wong, F. K., Lee, W. M., & Mok, E. (2001). Educating nurses to care for the dying in Hong Kong: a problem-based learning approach.Cancer Nurs, 24(2), 112-121.
Zweig, Kruse, Binder, Szafara, & Mehr. (2004). Effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on hospitalization of nursing home residents evaluated for lower respiratory infections. J Am Geriatr Soc, 52(1), 51-58.
中文部分
內政部統計處(2013年，4月15日)。重要內政統計指標。2013年5月21日取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.aspx
內政部社會司(2013年，2月3日)。臺灣地區老人福利機構資源分布表。2013年5月21日取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/04/07/07.htm
王志嘉、陳聲平(2003)，拒絕心肺復甦術(DNR)的醫療與法律問題，台灣醫界，46(4)，48-50。王英偉(2010)。新安寧運動下的倫理思維。澄清醫護管理雜誌，6(1)，4-11。全國法資料庫(2013年，1月9日)。安寧緩和醫療條例。2013年3月20日取自http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=L0020066
行政院經建會(2012年，8月4日)。中華民國2012年至2060年人口推計。2013年5月21日取自http://www.cepd.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0000455
杜異珍(1997)。臺灣中部地區護理人員對照顧瀕死病患之知識、態度及其影響因素之探討。榮總護理，14(1)，1-10。林慶雄(2000)。台灣兒科醫學會第163屆學術演講會教育演講：證據醫學與小兒科醫學－證據醫學的兩面觀。Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica，41(s)，78-79。李世代(2010)。長期照護的發展與推動。台灣醫界，53(1)，44-50。
吳春桂、蘇玲華、黃勝堅、林芳如、黃美玲、林亞陵、蔡紋苓、林宏茂(2009)。“DNR”知情告知與決策對於重症生命末期照護之重要性。安寧療護，14(2)，172-185。吳讚美、林惠賢、賈佩芳、蔡玉梅、施丞貴、謝志松(2012)。護理人員執行不施予心肺復甦術之現況及相關因素之探討。安寧療護雜誌，17(2)，146-161。
姚建安、邱泰源、胡文郁、陳慶餘(2004)。國內外安寧緩和醫學教育現況。安寧療護雜誌，9(1)，28-43。胡勝川、高偉峰、顏鴻章、楊久滕、張新、黃彥達(2011)。成人基本救命術，ACLS
精華(第四版)。台北：金名。
胡文郁、邱泰源、呂碧鴻、陳慶餘、謝長堯、陳月枝(2001)。醫護人員對「安寧緩和醫療條例」之教育需求。醫學教育，5(1)， 21-32。
許佩蓉、張俊喜、林靜宜、林壽惠、李世代(2006)。機構式長期照護綜論。台灣老年醫學雜誌，1(4)，198-215。莊紫雲、楊易宏、熊道芬、謝佑珊(2011)。探討加護護理人員照護「不予心肺甦醒術」病人之態度及倫理困境。榮總護理，28(4)，378-386。
許煌汶、黃麗霞、林淑芬(2008)。雲林地區護理人員的安寧緩和療護觀點。安寧療護雜誌，13(2)，137-155。許禮安(2001)。安寧緩和醫療條例之我見。安寧療護雜誌，6(3)，27-30。陳敏鋑、姜安波、周志銘(1995)。晚期癌症病情之披露，內科雜誌, 6(2)，140-147。陳敏鋑、姜安波(1996)。不予施行心肺復甦術醫囑的相關倫理議題，安寧療護雜誌，(1)，33-39。
陳亮恭(2007)。我國住院生命末期（非癌症）病患進行心肺復甦之探討。非癌症末期疾病之臨終照護」研討會，台灣台北。
陳榮基(2008) 。DNR不等於安寧緩和醫療。台灣醫界，51(4)，36-39。彭文珍(2008)。醫師對病患簽署DNR之認知與態度。中國醫藥大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文。姜占魁(1993)。組織行為與行政管理。台北：曉園。
黃安邦(1992)。社會心理學。台北：五南。
黃秀梨、張媚(2006)。機構安置決策過程研究之剖析及應用－以家庭為中心的視角。護理雜誌，53(4)，58-64。黃惠美、郭碧照、胡中傑、謝玉玲、黃曉峰(2005)。台中某社區民眾之安寧療護知識及其影響因素。安寧療護雜誌， 10(4)，371-383。馮雅芳(2003)。加護病房醫護人員對疾病末期病人醫療決策行為意向及其影響因
素之研究。國立臺灣大學護理學研究所碩士論文。
葉重新(1999)。心理測驗(修訂版)。台北：三民。
葉莉莉、田玫、溫敏杰、陳惠姿(2000)。護理之家住民功能狀態探討。社區發展季刊，92，359-369。趙可式(1996)。臨終病人的病情告知。安寧療護雜誌，1，20-24。
趙可式(2009)。台灣安寧療護的發展與前瞻。護理雜誌，56(1)，5-10。翁芝爾、陳淑腎、廖美南、王正旭(2005)。非安寧病房護理人員對安寧療護知識及態度之初探。長庚護理，16(1)，12-22。
翁益強(2010年4月)。生命終點的尊嚴臨終自主權的保障。2010年世界公民人權高峰會，台灣台北。
劉仲冬(2006)。我國的護理發展史。護理雜誌，53(3)， 5-20。蔡麗雲、李英芬、劉景萍、賴允亮、張澤芸、杜金錠(2003)。實施「不施行心肺
復甦術教育訓練方案」成效之探討。安寧療護雜誌，8，364-379。
蔡甫昌(2011)。末期病人之撤除維生治療。健康世界雜誌，395，70-73。
羅玉岱、潘輝民、張示琨、劉立凡(2008)。能不能救命？心肺復甦術對老年病患
之成效與相關因素探討。台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，3(4)，10-22。
羅玉岱(2010)。華人文化對生命末期決策的影響。安寧療護雜誌，15(2)，187-195。
謝伶瑜、林淑英、江姿瑢 (2010)。護理人員推行預立醫囑之知識、態度、經驗與自信。護理暨健康照護研究，6(4)，280-288。
謝紅桂、顏妙芬(2001)。不予心肺復甦之探討。護理雜誌， 48(3)，75-78。蘇玲華、黃美玲、林亞陵、吳春桂、林芳如、林宏茂、黃勝堅 (2008)。護理人員對生命末期照護知識與態度－以中部某區域教學醫院為例。安寧療護雜誌，13(4)，431-446。蘇淑貞(2001)。台灣地區護理之家服務現況之探討。台北醫學大學護理研究所碩士論文。