臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文使用多載波概念提出一個增強型的被動式標籤原型，此原型是透過一個額外電池輔助電路(battery assisted tag, BAC)提供部分能量給一個EPCglobal Class1 Gen2(C1G2)標籤，藉此延長其讀取範圍。電池輔助電路主要是用來產生一個低功率的無調變連續波，其輸出頻率位於第二代EPC所規範的操作頻率之外，以提供額外能量給標籤。本論文使用安捷倫Advanced Design System（ADS）軟體模擬增強型被動式標籤，驗證標籤晶片(IC)可同時獲取讀取器與電池輔助電路之能量，而實驗結果證明當讀取器傳送相同功率時，增強型被動式標籤可比C1G2標籤讀取範圍更遠，且在多重路徑衰減之環境中具有更好的抵抗能力。不同於半被動式標籤依靠其內部電池提供標籤晶片所需之能量，當增強型被動式標籤在電量耗盡時，仍可如同一個標準C1G2標籤依靠讀取器所傳送之射頻連續波動作。因此增強型被動式標籤裝載一個充滿電之電池，其操作模式與半被動式標籤相似，並且在電池能量耗盡時仍可如同一個標準C1G2標籤一樣動作。

This paper based on a multi-carrier method presents the design of an enhanced passive tag (EPT) that can extend the read range of an EPCglobal Class1 Gen2 (C1G2) tag by attaching a battery-assisted circuit (BAC) to the tag IC. The BAC generates a low power unmodulated continuous wave with frequency outside the tag operating band to supply additional power to the tag. In this work Agilent Advanced Design System software is used to simulate an EPT, which validates that the tag IC can harvest both signal powers from the reader and the BAC. With the same reader transmission power, empirical results demonstrate that a prototype EPT has much longer read range and is more resistant to multipath fading than a regular C1G2 tag. Unlike a semi-passive tag that depends on its local battery to work, a powerless EPT can function as a regular C1G2 tag. That is, an EPT with a charged battery behaves similarly to a semi-passive tag, and can keep working as a regular C1G2 tag after running out of its battery power.

摘要 .I
ABSTRACT.II
致謝 .III
目錄 .IV
圖目錄 . VI
表目錄 .VIII
第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 無線射頻辨識系統技術簡介 4
2.1 前言 4
2.2 無線射頻辨識系統之第二代EPC相關通訊規範簡述 5
2.3 讀取器到標籤之傳輸規範 6
2.4 標籤到讀取器之傳輸規範 8
2.5 第二代EPC規範讀取器架構 10
2.6 第二代EPC規範被動式標籤架構 11
第三章 多載波射頻辨識系統 12
3.1 多載波射頻辨識系統概述 12
3.2 讀取器指令之偵測 13
3.3 增強型被動式標籤之架構 14
3.4 增強型被動式標籤之效能分析 16
第四章 無線射頻辨識系統與電池輔助裝置之模擬 25
4.1 無線射頻辨識系統之模擬 25
4.2 增強型被動式標籤之模擬 26
第五章 實驗結果與分析 29
5.1 實驗架構及參數設定 29
5.1.1 微波無反射實驗室 30
5.1.2 走廊 47
第六章 結論和未來研究方向 51
參考文獻 53

[1]EPCTM Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol for Communications at 860MHz-960MHz Version 1.09, Electronic Product CodeTM(EPC) Standard,2005 http://www.epcglobalinc.org.
[2]EPCTM Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol for Communications at 860MHz-960MHz Version 1.1.0, Electronic Product CodeTM(EPC) Standard,2006 http://www.epcglobalinc.org.
[3]Radio-frequency Identification for item management-part 6C: parameters for air interface communications at 860MHz to 960MHz, ISO/IEC_CD 18000-6C Standard, 2005
[4]EPCglobal Tag Class Structure, 2007.
[5]Daniel M.Dobkin, “The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in Practice,” in Newnes, Pap/Cdr edition, 2007.
[6]Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,” in Prentice Hall PTR, Second Edition, 2002
[7]Lukas W. Mayer, Martin Wrulich and Sebastian Caban, “MEASUREMENTS AND CHANNEL MODELING FOR SHORT RANGE INDOOR UHF APPLICATION,” in Proc. The European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Nice, France, Nov. 2006.
[8]Kim Daeyoung, M. A. Ingram, and W. W. Smith, Jr., “Measurements of small-scale fading and path loss for long range RF tags,” Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 51, no.8, pp. 1740-1749, Aug. 2003.
[9]P. V. Nikitin and K. V. S. Rao, “Performance limitations of passive UHF RFID systems,” Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2006 IEEE, pp. 1011-1014, 9-14 July 2006.
[10]U. Karthaus and M. Fischer, “Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7-μW minimum RF input power,” Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1602-1608, Oct. 2003.
[11]Hsin-Chin Liu, Yung-Ting Chen, and Wen-Shin Tzeng, “A Multi-Carrier UHF Passive RFID System,” in Proc. 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet - Workshop on Networked RFID (SAINT 2007), Hiroshima, Japan, Jan. 15-19, 2007.
[12]Hsin-Chin Liu, Yi-Fan Chen and Yung-Ting Chen, “A Frequency Diverse Gen2 RFID System with Isolated Continuous Wave Emitters,” Journal of Networks, Vol.2, no.5, Sep.2007
[13]Klaus Finkenzwller,”RFID Handbook. 2th edition”, John Wiley and sons, 2003.
[14]Yuan Yao; Yin Shi; Dai, F.F., "A novel low-power input-independent MOS AC/DC charge pump," Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp. 380-383 Vol. 1, 23-26 May 2005.
[15]A Paulraj, R. Nabar, and D.Core, Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[16]Zheng Zhu, “RFID Analog Front End Design Tutorial,” htte://autoidlabs.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/Tutorial/RFIDanadesign.pdf, 2004
[17]陳勇延, “ 用於超高頻被動式射頻辨識系統之多載波收發機研究,” 台灣科技大學碩士論文, 2006.
[18]交通部電信總局低功率射頻電機技術規範, 交通部交通法規, 2005(available at http://www.motc.gov.tw/).