臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物觸媒在實際應用時，通常需固定化(immobilized)以利於連續操作；但常用的固定化方式（如膠體包覆）容易造成質傳之限制，因而降低生物觸媒之效率。本研究利用具有偶氮染料(azo dyes)褪色能力之菌種Pseudomonas luteola為生物觸媒，並以深紅色的反應性偶氮染料Reactive Red 22作為褪色基質，嘗試以中空纖維(hollow fiber) 微過濾膜反應器將染料褪色菌種限制在固定之反應體積內，以利於連續持久地進行廢水褪色操作。該薄膜反應器之優點在於不會造成質傳之影響，並可提升菌體濃度，以達較佳之褪色效率，是頗具潛力之操作方式。
本研究是以連續式操作方式進行廢水色度之去除，並探討各操作參數（如溫度、水力停留時間（Hydraulic retention time, HRT）、染料負載量、培養基質進料量及biomass濃度等）與廢水褪色效率之關係，藉以評估其最適化操作策略。結果顯示，在40℃下操作可得最佳之褪色效果；整體褪色效率隨著biomass濃度之增加而增加；系統最佳操作條件之水力停留時間約為13小時，當系統之水力停留時間固定時，總褪色速率會隨著染料負載速率量之增加而快速地上升；而褪色菌種E. coli NO3在褪色期產生之胞外代謝產物確能促進P. luteola之褪色能力，並可將最大比褪色速率提升到125.0 mg dye/g cell/h。

Biocatalysts are often immobilized when they are applied in practical operations. However, conventional immobilization methods, such as matrix entrapment, usually cause mass transfer restriction that leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the biocatalysts. In this study, an azo-dye-decolorizing bacterium Pseudomonas luteola was used as the biocatalyst to remove the color of azo dye Reactive Red 22. A hollow-fiber microfiltration membrane was utilized to retain the biocatalyst inside the reactor for continuous decolorization of the azo dye. The membrane reactor causes no mass transfer limitations, and may also raise the cell concentration within the reactor; thus has the potential to enhance the operation efficiency.
This study utilized the hollow-fiber membrane reactor for continuous decolorization of wastewater. The optimal operation strategy was determined by investigate the effects of operation parameters (e.g., temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), dye loading rate, medium loading rate, and biomass concentration, etc.) on decolorization efficiency. The results show that the best decolorization rate occurred at a temperature of 40oC. The overall decolorization efficiency increased when biomass concentration was increased. The optimal HRT was 13 h. The decolorization rate increased rapidly with an increase in dye loading rate. The extracellular metabolites of a dye-decolorizing bacterium Escherichia coli NO3 appeared to enhance the decolorization ability of P. luteola, and the maximal decolorization was elevated to 125 mg dye/g cell/h.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………I
目錄…………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………..1
1-1前言..………………………………………..………………………..1
1-2研究動機與目的..………………………..…………………………..2
第二章 文獻回顧與原理……………………………………………………..4
2-1偶氮染料.………….…………………………………………………4
2-2水中色度之去除.……………………….……………………………5
2-2-1物理方法..……………………….……………………………5
2-2-2化學方法..………………………………….…………………6
2-2-3生物方法.……………………….…………………………….6
2-3偶氮還原酵素去除色度之機制.…….………………………………7
2-4中空纖維膜……………………………….…………………………8
2-4-1前言…………………..….……………………………………8
2-4-2流體在膜面上的流向對過濾效果的影響..….……………..10
2-4-3影響濾速之因素…………………………………………….11
2-4-4 提高濾速之方法…………………………………………….12
2-4-5 薄膜過濾分類………………………………………………14
2-4-6 微過濾系統在工業上之應用………………………………15
第三章 實驗器材與方法……………………………………………………16
3-1 藥品試劑與培養基……………………………….………………..16
3-2 實驗儀器………………………………………….………………..16
3-3 菌體培養與定量測定……………………………………………...17
3-3-1 實驗菌體介紹………………………………………………17
3-3-2 菌體培養方式………………………………………………17
3-3-3 菌體光學密度與乾重之測量………………………………19
3-4 實驗染料……………………………………………………….…..19
3-4-1 Reactive Red 22的化學結構與描述…………..……………20
3-4-2 染料光學密度測定…………………………………………20
3-5 實驗用中空纖維模組之介紹………………….…………………..21
3-6 數值分析、處理軟體………………………………………………21
3-7 染料褪色動力學實驗……………………………………………...22
3-7-1不同的酵母萃出物與染料進料濃度之比例（Y/D）對染料 褪色之實驗…..……………………………………………..22
3-7-2 不同溫度對染料脫色之實驗.……………………………...25
3-7-3 不同菌量對染料脫色之操作.……………………………...25
3-7-4 染料負載速率量對脫色之實驗..…………………………..26
3-7-4-1固定HRT下，改變染料進料濃度對脫色之實驗（Biomass = 2.00 g）.……………………………………………….26
3-7-4-2固定染料進料濃度下，不同HRT對染料脫色之操作（Biomass = 4.00 g）.…………………………………..27
3-7-4-3染料負載速率量對脫色之實驗（Biomass = 4.00 g）..28
3-7-5 添加E.coli No.3代謝產物之染料脫色實驗………………28
3-8 連續式中空纖維微過濾系統對染料褪色處理效果之動力模式建立…………………..……..…..…………………………………...32
3-8-1 動力模式之控容（Control volume）分析………………….32
3-8-2 累積褪色量之計算…………………………………………34
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………….…………..…..….29
4-1 不同的酵母萃出物與染料進料濃度之比例（Y/D）對染料褪色之影響……………………………………………….……………….36
4-2 不同溫度對染料脫色之影響……………………………………...36
4-3 不同菌量對染料脫色之影響……………………………………...37
4-4 染料負載速率量對脫色之影響…………………………………...31
4-4-1 固定HRT下，改變染料進料濃度對脫色之實驗 （Biomass = 2.00 g）….………………………………………………38
4-4-2 固定染料進料濃度下，不同HRT對染料脫色之操作（Biomass = 4.00 g）.…………………………………..38
4-4-3 染料負載速率量對脫色之實驗（Biomass = 4.00 g）……..39
4-5 添加E.coli No.3代謝產物之染料脫色實驗……………………...39
4-5-1 E.coli No.3代謝產物對染料脫色影響……………….…..39
4-5-2 E.coli No.3代謝產物之進料操作策略..………………….40
第五章 結論……..……..…..…....…..…..………………......……....…..….42
參考文獻…..…..…....…..…...…..…..…..………………......……....…….83

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