臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

從1980年代開始，飲食電影及紀錄片受到學術界的重視，而根據一些已發表的文獻，大部分的飲食電影的學術研究大都聚焦於分析食物在每一部電影的代表意義。這些面向的研究通常是探究食物在片中的象徵意義或食物在影片中的暗喻角色；這樣的飲食電影討論與分析在Bower （2004）及Baron, Carson, & Bernard（2013）的著作中到處可見。這些學術研究的成果的確非常豐富，而且肯定了學者Ferry ( 2003）對電影的論述：電影的敘述及影像的呈現是一種觀察社會相互依存結構的改變或文化認同轉移的不二法門。因此，在飲食電影這個新興的領域中，ㄧ定有許多面向的飲食議題值得被深入及廣泛地探討。本論文本著這樣的前提，決定全面地回顧與研究自2007年至2016年十年間在柏林飲食電影展中被選映的171部飲食電影，其中包括了110部紀錄片和61部劇情片。
本研究將採用Glaser和Strauss （1967）的紮根理論方法論（Grounded Theory）中的持續比較法（Constant Comparison Method）來比較分析電影內容或劇情及各相關的影評文獻，並且能有系統地將這些電影分類、編碼，並依其類別，分別找出紀錄片及劇情片的主要飲食主題和討論其意涵。在一百一十部紀錄片方面，研究者依電影內容及相關文獻的閱讀分析，共分類為六大主題，分別為生態篇（二十九部）、地理篇（二十三部）、人物篇（二十一部）、人情篇（十七部）、健康篇（十部）、及寓言篇（十部）。在六十一部紀錄片方面，共分類為四大主題，分別為食物生命篇（十六部）、食物情感篇（十五部）、食物政治篇（十三部）及食物寓言篇（十七部）。另外研究者又根據這十大主題擬出四大深刻意涵：（一）人類對自然與健康食物的渴望及公平與正義食物的覺醒；（二）人類生命的永恆是建立在生態的永續與生物的多樣性；（三）烹飪者的堅持、創意與理想是人類飲食文化傳播與傳承的動力；（四）食物是人類生命情感與萬物交流的起源。
本論文的研究成果希望能提供給讀者一個目前全球飲食文化議題的概廓，讓國內研究飲食文化的學者或教育者能以更寬廣的視野來看待飲食文化的議題與教育。更期望國內對於飲食電影感興趣的有志之士能借鏡柏林影展的飲食電影，拍出深刻且影響深遠的飲食紀錄片或劇情片，讓歷史久遠的中國飲食文化藉著電影傳播，名揚全球；也讓台灣社會真切地以國際化的視角來看待目前全球所關注的各種與飲食相關的議題。

The study of food films and documentaries has, since the 1980s, begun to be noticed in the scholarship. According to some literature review, the scholarship on food films focused largely on analysis of food representations in individual films. This aspect of research usually explored the symbolic role or metaphoric role of food and food behaviors play in cinematic narratives and images. The results of the research indeed affirmed that “films’ narratives and images are a legitimate means of observing the changing structures of social interdependence and shifts in cultural identity” (Ferry, 2003, p. 2). However, the success of this aspect of research suggests that there is even more that could be done in this burgeoning area. The study intends to review a decade’s food films selected and demonstrated in Berlin International Film Festival from 2007 to 2016. In the literature review section, 171 food films including new and old food documentaries and short and feature food films from all over the world have been briefly introduced. Also the previous overarching frameworks used to analyze the food films have been reviewed.
In order to find out the main themes demonstrated the real roles of food play in people’s life, the researcher have watched the 171 films and studied related reviews, journal articles, and book chapters on these documentaries and films. The researcher also conducted a systematic research synthesis on them. Using Glaser and Strauss’ Grounded Theory (1967) constant comparison method, the researcher did comparative reviews on these documentaries and films. Four main themes emerged from the synthesis are: (1) It is the time to disclose the desire and awakening of human beings for nature and healthy food and for fair and just food; (2) The eternity of human beings is built on the sustainable ecology and biological diversity; (3) The persistence, creativity and ideals of the cooks are the driving force for human food culture transmission and inheritance；(4) Food is the origin of emotional communication between human life and all things.
It is anticipated the research results can provide Taiwanese scholars and educators of food culture with a general overview of the current global food culture issues, so that they would study and teach food culture in a broader perspective. It is also expected that the analysis on the 171 selected food films can inspire more Taiwanese film makers and producers to shoot profound and far-reaching dietary documentaries or dramas to spread the long history and plenty of Chinese food culture. By doing so, it is hoped that Taiwanese can sincerely look at the current global concern of the various food issues and its connection to Taiwan society.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
第一節研究動機 1
第二節研究目的與研究問題 2
第三節章節介紹 3
第二章文獻探討 5
第一節十年柏林飲食電影展主題介紹 5
第二節飲食電影研究主題之回顧 10
壹、食物、文化與身分認同的研究主題 11
貳、食物、女性與恩典的研究主題 13
參、食物為表象的社會議題的研究主題 15
肆、飲食文化（Foodways）的研究主題 18
第三章研究方法 22
第一節電影研究範圍與電影分類 22
第二節紮根理論方法論介紹 23
壹、紮根理論的概念 23
貳、持續比較分析法 24
参、為何選擇紮根理論 25
第三節資料收集、觀看、編碼與分析 25
壹、電影資料收集 25
貳、電影的觀看與資料閱讀 26
参、電影資料編碼與分析 27
第四章 電影編碼結果與分析 33
第一節 紀錄片與劇情片的主題分類 33
第二節 紀錄片主題內容分析 49
壹、生態篇 51
貳、地理篇 53
参、人物篇 57
肆、人情篇 60
伍、健康篇 62
陸、寓言篇 64
第三節 劇情片主題內容分析 66
壹、食物生命篇 69
貳、食物情感篇 72
参、食物政治篇 75
肆、食物寓言篇 77
第四節電影主題之深刻意涵討論 79
壹、人類對自然與健康食物的渴望及公平與正義的食物的覺醒 81
貳、人類生命的永恆是建立在生態的永續與生物的多樣性 83
参、烹飪者的堅持、創意與理想是人類飲食文化傳播與傳承的動力 84
肆、食物是人類生命與萬物情感交流的起源 85
第五章 結論 87
參考文獻 90
附錄一：十年柏林飲食電影 95
附錄二:各個國家或合作國家所拍攝的作品數量 111
附錄三:電影雜誌或學術期刊 114

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