臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

When Humanistic Buddhism is being brought to a new country, inevitably, it will change and adapt to the needs of the local people. For Australia, it all began in 1989 when the first venerable was sent to Australia with a mission to build a temple at Wollongong. Master Hsing Yun has the vision that within twenty to thirty years, the overseas FGS branch temples will be in charge by the local people of that country. As NTT is approaching its twentieth next year, it seems there is a gap between reality and Master Hsing Yun’s vision.
This thesis research hopes to achieve three purposes. One is to discuss the challenges for the ‘Western Australians’ that are currently volunteering and working at NTT. Two is to find out how will ‘Western Australians’ stay on to become ‘Long-term Devotees’. Three is to provide guidelines to localize Humanistic Buddhism for FGS branch temples in Australia with a focus on ‘Western Australians.’ In conclusion, I will make reference to Master Hsing Yun’s ‘Thirty-year plan’ of localization to evaluate NTT.

ABSTRACT I
DEDICATION II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III
CONTENTS IV
ABBREVIATIONS VII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Brief Historical Background 1
1.1.1. About Fo Guang Shan 1
1.1.2. About Master Hsing Yun 2
1.1.3. About Nan Tien Temple 4
1.2. Definitions of Terms 5
1.3. Motivation 7
1.4. Purpose 8
1.5. Problem Statement 8
1.6. Literature Review 9
1.7. Research Scope and Limitations 17
CHAPTER 2: LOCALIZING HUMANISTIC BUDDHISM IN AUSTRALIA 18
2.1. Buddhism in Australia 18
2.1.1. History 18
2.1.2. Multiculturalism and Buddhism Today 20
2.2. Localization of Humanistic Buddhism 23
2.2.1. Definitions and Ideals of Humanistic Buddhism 24
2.2.2. Ideals and Methods of Localization 26
2.2.3. Localizing around the Globe 29
2.3. Localizing in Australia 31
2.3.1. Stepping into Australia 31
2.3.2. The Establishment of NTT and its Roles Today 35
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD 39
3.1. Structure 39
3.1.1. Details of Sample Groups 39
3.1.2. Survey Design 45
3.1.3. Interview Design 46
3.2. Data Collection 48
3.2.1. Conducting Surveys 48
3.2.2. Conducting Interviews 48
3.3. Data Processes 51
3.3.1. Procedures for Data Analysis and Interpretation 51
3.3.2. Coding 54
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 56
4.1. Data Analysis and Interpretation 56
4.1.1. Survey Results for Volunteers 56
4.1.2. In-depth Semi-interview Results for Staff 59
4.1.3. In-depth Semi-interview Results for Venerables 64
4.2. Discussions 69
4.2.1. Challenges 70
4.2.2. What has worked for ‘Western Australians’? 73
4.2.3. Becoming ‘Long-term Devotees’ 75
4.2.4. Localizing issues 78
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 80
5.1. Conclusion 80
5.2. Suggestions 86
5.2.1. Guidelines for localization 86
5.2.2. Future Research 90
BIBLIOGRAPHY 91
Primary Source 91
Books 91
Journal Articles 92
PhD Dissertation 94
Master Theses 94
Websites 94
APPENDIX A 95
Letter to Nan Tien Temple 95
APPENDIX B 96
My Promise Statement 96
APPENDIX C 97
Consent Form 97
APPENDIX D 98
Survey Form for Volunteer 98
APPENDIX E 100
Survey Form for Staff 100
APPENDIX F 101
Survey Form for Venerable 101
APPENDIX G 102
In-depth Interview Questions for Staff 102
APPENDIX H 103
In-depth Interview Questions for Venerable 103

PRIMARY SOURCE
Tipitaka: The Pali Canon
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/index.html
BOOKS
Barker, Michelle and Rocha, Cristina. Buddhism in Australia: Traditions in Change, Routledge, London and New York, 2011

Cadge, Wendy. Heartwood – The First Generation of Theravada Buddhism in America, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2005

Chandler, Stuart. Establishing a Pure Land on Earth – The Foguang Buddhist Perspective on Modernization and Globalization, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2004

Croucher, Paul. Buddhism in Australia 1848-1988, New South Wales, University Press, Australia, 1989

Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2005

Eddy, Glenys. Becoming Buddhist – Experiences of Socialization and Self-Transformation in Two Australian Buddhist Centres, Continuum International Publishing Group, London and New York, 2012

Fu, Zhiying. Bright Star Luminous Cloud: The Life of a Simple Monk, Buddha’s Light Publishing, Hacienda Heights, 2008

Keegan, Sheila. Qualitative Research: Good decision making through understanding people, cultures and markets, Kogan Page, Great Britain and United States, 2009

King, Nigel and Horrocks, Christine. Interviews in Qualitative Research, SAGE Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 2010

Kvale, Stainar. Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, SAGE Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 2009

Master Hsing Yun. Buddhist Affinities Across 100 Years, Fo Guang Publishing, Kaohsiung, 2013

Master Hsing Yun. Humanistic Buddhism: A Blueprint for Life, Buddha’s Light Publishing, Hacienda Heights, 2008

Master Hsing Yun. The Buddha’s Light Philosophy, Buddha’s Light Publishing, Los Angeles, 2010

Modood, Tariq. Multiculturalism: A Civic Idea, Polity Press, UK, 2007

Richards, Lyn, Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide, SAGE Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 2005

Edited by Smith, Barry. Nan Tien Temple – Paradise of the Southern Hemisphere, Rala International Pty Ltd, 1995

Compiled by Soothill, William Edward and Hodous, Lewis. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner &; Co, Ltd, London, 1937

Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1998

JOURNAL ARTICLES
Halafoff, Anna, Fitzpatrick, Ruth, and Lam, Kim. “Buddhism in Australia: An Emerging Field of Study”, Journal of Global Buddhism 13, 2012: 9-25 http://www.globalbuddhism.org/13/halafoff12.pdf
[Retrieved on 18th November 2012]

McAra, Sally. “Indigenizing or Adapting? Importing Buddhism into a Settler-colonial Society”, Journal of Global Buddhism 8, 2007 132-156 http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/1521/mcara07.pdf?sequence=1 [Retrieved on 18th November 2012]

Nelson, Darren. “Why is Buddhism the fastest growing religion in Australia?” http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-AN/an141696.pdf [Retrieved on 13th November 2012]

Spuler, Michelle. “Characteristics of Buddhism in Australia”, Journal of Contemporary Religion 15:1, 2000, 9-44 http://www.thezensite.com/ZenEssays/Miscellaneous/Characteristics_of_Buddhism.pdf [Retrieved on 13th Nov 2012 23:44]

Waitt, Gordon. “A Place for Buddha in Wollongong, New South Wales?”, Australian Geographer 34:2, 2003, 223-238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180301733 [Retrieved on 12th November 2012]

Wei, Daoru. “Buddhism in China and Modern Society: An Introduction Centering Around the Teachings of Taixu and Yinshun”, The Journal of Oriental Studies Vol.20-2010, The Institute of Oriental Philosophy, Japan, 2010
http://www.iop.or.jp/1020/daoru.pdf [Retrieved on 19th June 2013]


妙益法師《從佛光山美國西來寺看佛教本土化》, 普門學報, 第24期, 2004年11月 (Venerable Miao Yi, “From Fo Guang Shan Hsi Lai Temple in view of localization of Buddhism”), Universal Gate Buddhist Journal 24, November 2004
http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MAG/mag205865.pdf [Retrieved on 1st May 2013]

星雲大師《自覺與行佛》, 普門學報, 第24期, 2004年9月
(Master Hsing Yun, “Self-awareness and Practicing the Buddha’s Way”, Universal Gate Buddhist Journal 23, September 2004
http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MAG/mag205780.pdf
[Retrieved on 8th June 2013]
PHD DISSERTATION
Liu, Ginling. “The Nature of Humanistic Buddhism: Ideal and Practice as Reflected in Xingyun’s Mode”, University of Hong Kong, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/53109 [Retrieved on 11th May 2013]
MASTER THESES
Lim, Uei Tyng. “Development of Fo Guang Shan in Malaysia’s Chinese Community – Research study on Fo Guang Shan Monastery in Johor Bahru”, Fo Guang University, 2011

Shih, Miao Shang. “Analysis of Buddhism in South-America – Development of Fo Guang Shan’s Humanistic Buddhism in Brazil”, Nan Hua University, 2008
WEBSITES
Census: Australian Bureau of Statistics
http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/census?opendocument&;navpos=10 [Retrieved on 13th May 2013]

Collins Online Dictionary
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/localize?showCookiePolicy=true
[Retrieved on 6th May 2013]

Cultural Diversity in Australia – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013
[Retrieved on 13th May 2013]

Nan Tien Temple
http://www.nantien.org.au/en/about/about-us.asp [Retrieved on 16th November 2012]


Oxford Online Dictionary
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/local?q=local [Retrieved on 6th May 2013]