臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
近年來全球造船市場競爭日益越趨劇烈，供應鏈管理對造船業的重要性更日益備受重視。在造船供應鏈體系下，造船業供應商的良窳是直接影響整體造船業供應鏈成敗的主要因素。本研究主旨在於探討造船業採購供應商評選要素準則。本文首先參考造船業採購之特性與其相關的文獻來建立造船業者評選供應商評選準則的屬性；其次，應用模糊層級分析法(Fuzzy AHP)來個別分析造船業者端與供應商端對這些準則的認知；最後，再由此兩者之間的認知差距來決定其間之認知缺口。為了驗證模式的實務效度，本研究應也以國內造船產業者與其供應商的實際資料進行實證研究。本研究分析結果顯示，造船業者認知之前五項最重要之評選準則為：價格水準、符合需求、付款條件、品質水準與交貨成本等；供應商業者認知之前五項最重要之評選準則為：品質水準、符合需求、技術能力、價格水準及品牌聲譽等；造船業者與供應商之前五項最大認知缺口為：技術能力、品質水準、付款條件、交貨成本與價格水準等。本研究之結果可以提供給造船業者與其供應商兩者，作為其縮小雙方認知差距之改善方向的依據，進而提高造船產業之整體供應鏈管理的效率，增加國內造船產業之競爭力。

關鍵詞彙：造船業、供應商選擇、供應鏈、層級分析法、模糊。

Abstract

In recent years, the competition of global shipbuilding market is getting increasingly. The supply chain management (SCM) for shipbuilding operators is thus becoming more and more important. For the SCM of shipbuilding industry, the supplier plays a role of successful key factors. The purpose of this study is to discuss the criteria of supplier selection for shipbuilding industry. Based on the characteristic of shipbuilding industry and the relevant literature, the criteria for supplier selection were first investigated. A Fuzzy AHP model was then constructed to identify those criteria from perspectives of shipbuilding operators and supplier s respectively. Finally, the gaps between shipbuilding operators and supplier were verified by the difference between their perceptions toward the criteria. As an empirical study, the shipbuilding operators and their suppliers in Taiwan were investigated to validate the research model. The results indicate that the top five criteria for shipbuilding operators to select suppliers are: price level, meet the demand, payment terms, quality level and deliver goods cost. While, The top five selection criteria of supplier perception are: quality level, meet the demand, technique ability, price level and brand reputation. At last, the top fives gap between the shipbuilding operators and their supplier are: technique ability, quality level, payment terms, deliver goods cost, and price level. The results could provide information for both shipbuilding operators and their suppliers to decrease the perceived gap between their perceptions. And as a result, the SCM efficiency of shipbuilding industry could be improved, and lead to enhance the competition of shipbuilding industry.
Key Words: Shipbuilding industry, Supplier selection, Supply chain, AHP, Fuzzy.

目 錄
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………..1
1.1研究背景…………………………………………………………………………...1
1.2研究動機…………………………………………………………………………...4
1.3研究目的…………………………………………………………………………...5
1.4研究範圍……………………………………………………………………….…..5
1.5研究流程…………………………………………………………………………...6
第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討…………………………………………….….7
2.1 造船業之特性…………………………………………………………….……….7
2.2 造船業供應鏈管理……………………………………………………........….….8
2.3 供應商評選要素準則………………………………………………................….11
2.4 層級分析法……………………………………………………………………….13
2.4.1 層級分析法之概念………………………………………………………....14
2.4.2 層級分析法之基本假設…………………………………………………....14
2.4.3 層級分析法分析實施步驟………………………………………………....15
2.4.4 層級分析法之評估尺度……………………………………………………17
2.4.5 層級分析法之應用範圍與優點特色………………………………………18
2.5 模糊層級分析法…………………………………………………….....................19
2.5.1 模糊數…………………………………………………………....................19
2.5.2 模糊層級分析法的步驟……………………………………………............20
第三章 研究設計與方法…………………………………………………….22
3.1 研究架構………………………………………………………………………….22
3.2 造船業評選構面及要素分析…………………………………………………….24
3.2.1 成本構面……………………………………………………………………24
3.2.2 產品構面……………………………………………………………………25
3.2.3 公司構面……………………………………………………………………27
3.2.4 服務構面……………………………………………………………………28
3.2.5 建立層級分析架構模式……………………………………………………30
3.3問卷設計…………………………………………………………………………..31
3.4研究母體與樣本…………………………………………………………………..32
第四章 研究結果…………………………………………………………….35
4.1 一致性檢定...............................................................................................................35
4.2 造船業端之模糊層級分析結果...............................................................................36
4.3 供應商端之模糊層級分析結果...............................................................................37
4.4 造船業端與供應商端對評選準則認知之差異分析...............................................39
4.4.1造船業與供應商之差異比較分析.................................................................39
4.4.2造船業與供應商之認知差異之分析結果.....................................................41
4.4.3認知缺口改善建議.........................................................................................43
第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………………….44
5.1 研究結論…………………………………………………………………………...44
5.2 管理意涵………………………………………………………………………...…46
5.3 研究貢獻…………………………………………………………………………...48
5.4 研究建議…………………………………………………………………………...51
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………...53
一、中文部份……………………………………………………………………………....53
二、英文部份………………………………………………………………………………55
三、相關網站………………………………………………………………………………59
附錄 專家問卷…………………………………………………………………………....60


圖目錄

圖 1.1 世界主要造船國家訂單變化(艘數)........................................................................1
圖 1.2 世界主要造船國家訂單變化(總噸)………………………………………………2
圖 1.3 研究流程...................................................................................................................6
圖 2.1 造船供應鏈拉的模式...............................................................................................8
圖 2.2 造船供應鏈合作伙伴的選擇過程...........................................................................9
圖 2.3 造船供應鏈結構.....................................................................................................10
圖 2.4 三角模糊數隸屬函數.............................................................................................20
圖 3.1 造船業供應商評選準則之研究架構.....................................................................22
圖 3.2 造船業評選構面之AHP層級架構.......................................................................31











表目錄

表 2.1 供應商評選要素之相關研究彙整（國外）.........................................................12
表 2.2 供應商評選要素之相關研究彙整（國內）.........................................................13
表 2.3 隨機指標R.I.對照表...............................................................................................16
表 2.4 層級分析法評估尺度定義及說明 (Saaty, 1980) .................................................18
表 3.1 研究變數定義說明.................................................................................................23
表 3.2 成本構面下之三個要素.........................................................................................25
表 3.3 產品構面下之四個要素.........................................................................................26
表 3.4 公司構面下之五個要素.........................................................................................28
表 3.5 服務構面下之五個要素.........................................................................................30
表 3.6 回收問卷各層級一致性分析表.............................................................................33
表 3.7 受測者之基本資料結構.........................................................................................34
表 4.1 模糊層級分析之一致性檢定結果.........................................................................35
表 4.2 造船業端之評選準則之權重與排序.....................................................................36
表 4.3 供應商端之評選準則之權重與排序.....................................................................38
表 4.4 造船業與供應商對評選構面之差異比較.............................................................40
表 4.5 造船業與供應商對評選準則之差異比較.............................................................41
表 4.6 造船業端與供應商端對構面準則之認知缺口比較.............................................42
表 5.1 造船業物料採購供應商評鑑表.............................................................................50

參考文獻
一、中文部份
1.王忠宗（2006），採購管理實務，國立空中大學，台北。
2.許振邦（2007），採購與供應管理，智勝文化，台北。
3.張光明（2007），造船供應鏈合作關係管理，哈爾濱工程大學出版社，哈爾濱。
4.周重憲（2004），台灣汽車業全球供應鏈管理之國內外供應商評選要素研究，國立中央大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
5.徐燕娟（2007），以AHP法探討供應商遴選關鍵決定因素權重之研究-以筆記型電腦週邊配件為例，國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
6.周郁舜（2008），台灣電子業供應商評選準則之模式，東吳大學國際經營與貿易學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
7.李志隆（2005），三種供應商評選方法之比較研究，國立台灣科技大學工業管理系碩士學位論文。
8.吳明哲（2007），供應鏈系統下供應商評選之研究-以台灣區合成樹脂產業為例，國立成功大學工學院工程管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
9.吳昭謀（2006），建構我國未來航太產業外包供應鏈體系選廠指標之研究-以漢翔航空工業公司發動機廠為例，國立成功大學工程管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
10.吳昭儀（2005），層級分析法群體決策整合模式之研究，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理學系博士論文。
11.林冠州（2004），TFT-LCD面板廠商對供應商選擇之研究，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
12.蕭旭峰（2005），以模糊品質機能展開建構供應商評選決策支援模型-以網路通訊產業為例，世新大學管理學院資訊管理學系碩士論文。
13.柏謙基（2003），由供應鏈觀點探討台灣聚酯加工絲業之採購準則，國立成功大學管理學院高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
14.呂國勝（2008），模糊品質機能展開法應用於整建廠商評選，國立台灣科技大學建築研究所碩士論文。
15.方怡文（2007），考慮企業競爭策略之供應商評選研究，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
16.陳曉琪（2001），供應商遴選之決策支援系統之研究，義守大學工業工程研究所碩士論文。
17.鄭智中（2005），供應鏈之供應商評選方法研究，國立成功大學工程管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
18.吳昭仁（2004），運用品質機能展開管理企業運籌活動，國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
19.許志諭（2005），營造業選擇分包商的關鍵因素分析，國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
20.鄧振源、曾國雄(1989)，層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(上)，中國統計學報，27 卷6 期：5~22。
21.鄧振源、曾國雄(1989)，層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(下)，中國統計學報，27 卷7 期：1~20。
22.褚志鵬 (2009)，Analytic Hierarchy Process Theory層級分析法(AHP)理論與實作，花蓮縣，國立東華大學企業管理學系暨研究所教學講義。
23.林鴻志 (2008)，造船產業發展現況與展望，中華民國全國工業總會財經文摘。
24.許文楷、黃昱尹、張雅婷、郭思言 (2009)，航空貨運承攬業之服務品質缺口研究，第七屆十校聯盟航運物流研討會，台北(台北北海洋技術學院)。








二、英文部份
1.Ansari, A. and Modarress, B. (1986). JIT purchasing as a quality and productivity centre. International Journal of Production Research, 26(1), 9-26.
2.Benton, W. C. (1983). Purchase quantity discount procedures and MRP. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 19(1), 30-34.
3.Benton, W. C. and Krajewski, L. (1990). Vendor performance and alternative manufacturing environments. Decision Sciences, 15(21), 403-415.
4.Bevilacqua, M., Ciarapica, F. E., and Giacchetta, G. (2006). A fuzzy-QFD approach to supplier selection. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 12(1), 14-27.
5.Bernard, P. (1989). Managing vendor performance. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 30(1), 1-7.
6.Bragg, D. J. and Hahn, C. K. (1982). Material requirements planning and purchasing. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 18, 17-22.
7.Browing, J. M., Zabriskie, N. B., and Huellmantel, A. B. (1983). Strategic purchasing planning. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 19(1), 19-24.
8.Buckley, J. J. (1985). Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.17, 233-247.
9.Burton, T. T. (1988). JIT/repetitive sourcing strategies: Trying the knot with your suppliers. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 29(4), 38-41.
10.Cardozo, R. N. and Cagley, J. W. (1971). Experimental study of industrial buyer behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(3), 329-334.
11.Cheraghi, S. H., Dadashzadeh, and M. Subramanian, M. (2001). Critical success factors for supplier selection: an update. Journal of Applied Business Research 20(2), 91–108.
12.Croell, R. C. (1980). Measuring purchasing effectiveness. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 16(2), 22-26.
13.Dempsey, W. A. (1978). Vendor selection and the buying process. Industrial Marketing Management, 7(4), 257-267.
14.Dickson, G. W. (1966). An Analysis of vendor selection system and decisions. Journal of Purchasing, 2(1), 5-17.
15.Gaballa, A. A. (1974). Minimum cost allocation of tenders. Operational Research Quarterly, 25(3), 389-398.
16.Gencer, C. and Gurpinar, D. (2007). Analytic Network Process in supplier selection: A case study in an electronic firm. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 31(11), 2475–2486.
17.Gregory, R. E. (1986). Source selection: A matrix approach. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 22(2), 24-29.
18.Hasan, M. A., Shankar, R., and Sarkis, J. (2008). Supplier selection in an agile manufacturing environment using Data Envelopment Analysis and Analytical Network Process. International Journal of Logistics System and Management, 4(5), 523-550.
19.Harland, C. and Christine, M. (1997), Supply chain operational performance Roles, Integrated Manufacturing system, 8(2), 70-78.
20.Hahn C. K., Kim, K. H., and Kim, J. S. (1986). Costs of competition: Implications for purchasing strateg. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 22(3), 2-7.
21.Hinkle, C. L., Robinson, P. J., and Green, P. E. (1969). Vendor evaluation using cluster analysis. Journal of Purchasing, 5(3), 49-58.
22.Hirakubo, N. and Kublin, M. (1998). The relative importance of supplier selection criteria: the case of electronic components procurement in Japan. International journal of purchasing and material management, 34(2), 19-24.
23.Houshyar, A. and David, L. (1992). A Systematic selection procedure. Computer and Industrial Engineering, 23(1-4), 173-176.
24.Jackson, G. C. (1983). Just-in-time production: Implications for logistics managers. Journal of Business Logistics, 4(2), 1-19.
25.Jordan, P. C. (1987). Purchasing decisions considering future price increases: An empirical approach. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 23(1), 25-30.
26.Kraljic, P. (1983). Purchasing must become supply management. Harvard Business Review, 61(5), 109-117.
27.Lamm, D.V. and Vose, L. C. (1988).Seller pricing strategies: A buyer’s perspective. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 24(3), 9-13.
28.Manoochehri, G. H. (1984). Suppliers and the just-in-time concept. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 20(4), 16-21.
29.Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capaity for processing information, (63)2, 81-97.
30.Moon, C., Hwang, H. S., Chuang, C. L., and Goan, M. J. (2005). Supplier selection and planning model using AHP. Internation Journal of the Information Systems for Logistics and Management, 1(1), 47-53.
31.Monczka, R. M., Giunipero, L. C., and Reck, R. F. (1981). Perceived importance of supplier information. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 17(1), 21-29.
32.Muralidhar, K., Wilson, R. L., and Santhanam, R. (1990). Using the analytic hierarchy process for information system project selection. Information & Management, 18(2), 87-95.
33.Newman, R. G. (1988). The buyer-supplier relationship under just-in-time. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 29(3), 45-50.
34.Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operation Research, 48(1), 9-26.
35.Sheth, J. N. (1973). A model of industrial buyer behavior. Journal of Marketing, 37(4), 50-56.
36.Silva, R.V.D., Davies, G., and Naude, P.（2001）. Assessing customer orientation in the context of buyer/supplier relationships using judgmental modeling. Industrial Marketing Management, 31(3), 241-252.
37.Treleven, M. (1987). Single sourcing: A management tool for the quality supplier. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 23(1), 19-24.
38.Vahdani B., Zandieh M., and Alem-Tabriz A. (2008). Supplier selection by balancing and ranking method. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(19), 3467-3472.
39.Wagner, J., Ettenson, R., and Parrish, J. (1989). Vendor selection among retail buyers: An analysis by merchandise division. Journal of Retailing, 65(1), 58-77.
40.Wilson, E. J. (1994). The relative importance of supplier selection criteria: A review and update. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 30(3), 35-41.
41.Wieters, C. D. (1976). Influences on the design and use of vendor performance rating systems. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 12(4), 31-35.
42.Weber, C. A., Current, J. R., and Benton, W.C. (1991). Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 50(1), 2-18.
43.Yager, R. R. (1981). A Procedure for ordering fuzzy subsets of the unit interval. Information Sciences, 24(2), 143-161.
44.Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. University of California, Berkely, California. Information and Control, 8(3), 338-353.
三、相關網站
1.財團法人國家實驗研究院科技產業資訊室http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom.htm/
2.台灣船舶網電子報http://www.ship.org.tw/enewspaper/firstpage.htm/
3.工業技術研究院http://www.ipc.itri.org.tw/
4.首席電子商務公司(Com2BCorp.) http://www.com2b.com/
5.華宇企業管理顧問股份有限公司http://www.aheadmaster.com/
6.中崗科技「Expert Choice軟體介紹」http://www.ixon.com.tw/
7.工業總會服務網http://www.cnfi.org.tw/kmportal/front/bin/home.phtml/