臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗利用往復式擠型法，分別製作0、5、10及20vol﹪的0.75μm及5μmSiC粒子強化6061鋁基複合材料。並探討其微結構、析出行為、機械性質及高溫超塑性質。
在微結構方面，5μm SiC強化粒子皆均勻分散在基地中，但0.75μm SiC粉中，因有堅硬的團聚顆粒，無法揉碎，以致除了均勻的顆粒散佈外，尚有粗大的團聚顆粒散佈。
擠型後複材的楊氏係數、降伏強度及抗拉強度皆高於6061合金。以20﹪0.75μm SiC複材為例，相對於6061合金，強度分別提高為2.5倍及2倍。在析出行為方面，複材的尖峰時效提前，雖然淬火硬度較高但析出硬化能力卻比6061合金低，尤其當強化材顆粒很小或體積分率增加時，複材的析出硬化的能力更大幅的降低，以致隨體積分率的增加，T6狀態強度都有先增後減的現象，此現象在0.75μm SiC強化複材更為明顯。
複材T6狀態的伸長率有大幅損失的現象，主要是由於真空除氣不完全，固溶淬火後產生氫氣孔，成為裂隙的起源。此外，0.75μm SiC強化複材的團聚顆粒亦是伸長率下降的原因之一。
20 % 5μm SiC-6061複材在600℃，應變速率為1×10-1s-1時的伸長率為183%。20 % 0.75μm SiC-6061複材，伸長率普遍不佳，其可能原因有三：團聚的存在、氣孔的產生及應變速率不足。由流變應力與應變速率的關係發現其斜率在應變速率為1 × 10-1 s-1時有明顯的變化，顯示此應變速率為Ι區與Ⅱ區的分野，表示本實驗所用的最高應變速率仍未達複材超塑性之最佳應變速率。

摘要……………………………………………………… ……………Ⅰ
誌謝……………………………………………………… ……………Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………………………… ……………Ⅲ
圖目錄…………………………………………………… ………Ⅵ
表目錄…………………………………………………… …………Ⅹ
壹、前言………………………………………………… ……………1
貳、文獻回顧…………………………………………… ……………2
2-1金屬基複合材料的發展與應用……………………… ………… 2
2-2鋁基複合材料的時效行為…………………………… ………… 2
2-3複合材料高速超塑性行為………………………… …………… 10
2-3-1簡介……………………………………………… …………. 10
2-3-2高速超塑性力學理論基礎……………………… …………. 12
2-3-2-1起始應力………………………………… …………14
2-3-2-2活化能…………………………………………… …16
2-3-2-3超塑性複材變形模型及機制圖…………… ………18
2-3-2-4液相層的角色………………………………… ……23
2-4超微細粒子強化複合材料之製備與瓶頸…………………………26
2-4-1熱機處理………………………………………… ………….26
2-4-2激烈塑性應變…………………………………………… ….29
2-5本論文研究目的……………………………………………………35
參、實驗步驟………………………………………………… ………36
3-1起始材料……………………………………………………………36
3-2真空除水……………………………………………………………36
3-3混粉…………………………………………………………………36
3-4熱壓…………………………………………………………………36
3-5往復式擠型…………………………………………………………42
3-6時效處理……………………………………………………………42
3-7時效硬度測試………………………………………………………42
3-8 DSC分析……………………………………………………………46
3-9拉伸性質測試………………………………………………………46
3-10拉伸斷裂面…………………………………………… ………..46
3-11緻密度量測……………………………………………… …..…46
3-12金相觀察………………………………………………… ……..47
3-13 TEM觀察………………………………………………………….47
3-14高溫拉伸試驗………………………………………… ………..47
肆、結果與討論……………………………………………… ………51
4-1微結構觀察…………………………………………………………51
4-2 TEM觀察………………………………………………… ……...51
4-3時效硬化現象………………………………………………………51
4-3-1時效硬化曲線…………………………………………… ….51
4-3-2淬火硬度增加的原理…………………………………… ….62
4-3-3強化材顆粒尺寸及含量對時效析出序列的影響…… …….67
4-4機械性質與斷面觀察………………………………………… …69
4-4-1熱處理對複材機性的影響……………………………… ….69
4-4-2強化材顆粒尺寸及含量對楊氏係數的影響…………… ….75
4-4-3強化材顆粒尺寸及含量對降伏強度的影響…………… ….78
4-4-4 強化材顆粒尺寸及含量對抗拉強度的影響……………… 81
4-4-5 加工硬化行為…………………………………………… …81
4-5斷裂面觀察…………………………………………………………81
4-6超塑性性質…………………………………………………………90
伍、結論……………………………………………………….………102
陸、未來方向及注意重點………………………………………….…104
柒、參考文獻……………………………………………………….…105

1.D. J. Lloyd, “Particle-Reinforced Aluminum and Magnesium Matrix Composites”, International Material Reviews, Vol. 39, 1994, pp. 1-23
2.R. Asthana and P. K. Rohatg, “Synthesis of SiC Platelet Reinforced 2014-Al Alloys by a Pressure Infiltration Technique,” J. of Mater., Vol. 10, 1991, pp. 230-234
3.朱旭山, “利用往復式擠型法製備鋁-氧化鋁及鋁-石墨複合材料之研究”, 國立清華大學碩士論文, 1995
4.李士瑋, “往復式擠型法製成微米級晶粒5083合金微結構及性質之探討”, 國立清華大學碩士論文, 1998
5.黃元璋, “往復式擠製Zn-22﹪Al 合金高速超塑性及射出成形性之研究”, 國立清華大學碩士論文, 1999
6.陳炎成, “金屬基複合材料”工業材料, 85,(1994)89
7.A. I. Nussbaum, “New Applications for Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Composites”, Light Metal Age, Vol. 55, 1997, pp.54-58
8.C. R. Brook,“Heat Treatment, Structure and Properties of Nonferrous Alloys”, American Society for Metals, 1984, p.110
9.S. Suresh, T. Christman and Y. Sugimura, “Accelerated Aging in Cast Al Alloy-SiC Particulate Composites”, Scripta Metall., Vol. 23, 1989, pp. 1599-1602
10.A. Borrego and M. Lieblich, “Influence of Extrusion Temperature on the Aging Behavior of 6061Al-15Vol-Percent-SiCw Composites”, Scripta Metall, Vol. 34, 1996, pp. 471-478
11.K. K. Chawla and A. K. Datye, “Effect of Homogeneous Heterogeneous Precipitation on Aging Behavior of SiCp/Al 2014 Composite”, Scripta Metall, Vol. 25, 1991, pp. 1315-1319
12.M. Vogelsang, R. J. Aresnault and R. M. Fisher, “An In situ HVEM Study of Dislocation Generation at Al/SiC Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites”, Metall. Mater.Trans. A., Vol. 17, 1986, pp. 379-389
13.I. Dutta, S. M. Allen and J. L. Hafley, “Effect of Reinforcement on the Aging Response of Cast 6061 Al-Al2O3 Particulate Composites”, Metall. Trans. A., Vol. 22, 1991, pp. 2553-2563
14.T. G. Nieh, C. H. Henshall and J. Wadsworth, “Creep-Rupture of a Silicon-Carbide Reinforced Aluminum Composite”, Scripta Metall., Vol. 18, 1984, pp. 1405-1508
15.Glossary of Terms Used in Metallic Superplastic Materials, JIS H7007, Japanese Standards Association, p. 3
16. O. D. Sherby, “Advances in Superplasticity and in Superplastic Materials”, ISIJ International, Vol. 29, 1989, pp. 698-715
17.M. Mabuchi, and K. Higashi, “On Accommodation Helper Mechanism For Superplasticity in Metal Matrix Composites”, Acta Metall., Vol. 47, 1999, pp. 1915-1922
18.A. K. Mukherjee, “Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics and Intermetallics in Superplastic Forming of a Symposium”, ASM, 1985, pp. 408-460
19.R. S. Mishra, T. R. Bieler and A. K. Mukherjee, “Mechanism of High-Strain Rate Superplasticity in Aluminum-Alloy Composites”, Acta mater, Vol. 45, 1997, pp. 561-568
20.F. A. Mohamed and K. T. Park, Acta Metall., Vol. 38, 1996, pp. 2149-2161
21.F. A. Mohamed and K. T. Park, “Creep-Behavior of Discontinuous SiC-Al Composites”, Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol. 150, 1992, pp. 21-35
22.R. S. Mishra, T. R. Bieler and A. K. Mukherjee,“Mechanism of High Strain Rate Superplasticity in Aluminum Alloy Composite,” Acta Metall. Mater., Vol. 45, 1997, pp. 561-568
23.T. G. Langdon and Y. Li, Acta Metall. Mater., 47(1999) 3395
24.W. J. Kim, “The Size Effect of SiC Particulates on Activation Energy for Superplastic Flow in a 2124 Al Metal Matrix Composite”, Scripta Metall., Vol. 41, 1999, pp. 1131-1136
25.J. Koike, M. Mabuchi and K. Higashi, “In Situ Observation of Partial Melting in Superplastic Aluminum Alloy Composites at High Temperatures”, Acta Metall. Mater., Vol. 43, 1995, pp. 199-206
26.T. Imai, M. Mabuchi, Y. Tozawa and M. Yamada, “Superplasticity in β-Silicon Nitride Whisker-Reinforced 2124 Aluminum Composite”, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol. 9, 1990, pp. 255-257
27.T. G. Nieh, T. Imai, J. Wadsworth and S. Kojima, “High Strain Rate Superplasticity of a Powder Metallurgy SiC Particulate Reinforced 6061 Al Composite (6061/SiC/17.5p)”, Scripta Metall., Vol. 31, 1994, pp. 1685-1690
28.K. Higashi, T. G. Nieh and J. Wadsworth, “Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Mechanically-Alloyed Materials at High Strain Rates”, Acta Metall. Mater., Vol. 43, 1995, pp. 3275-3282
29.M. Mabuchi and K. Higashi, “The Processing, Properties, and Applications of High-Strain-Rate Superplastic Materials”, JOM, June, 1998, pp. 34-39
30.M. Mabuchi, K. Higashi and H. Iwasaki, “The Role of Liquid Phase in Cavitation in a Si3N4/Al-Mg-Si Composite Exhibiting High-Strain-Rate Superplasticity,” Acta Metall. Mater., Vol. 45, 1997, pp. 2759-2764
31.M. Mabuchi, T. Imai and K. Higashi, “Production of Superplastic Aluminum Composites Reinforced with Si3N4 by Powder Metallurgy”, J. Mater.Sci., Vol. 28, 1993, pp. 6582-6586
32.T. Imai and B. D. Hong, “High-Strain Rate Superplasticity of AlN Particulate-Reinforced Aluminum-Alloy Composites”, Scripta Metall., Vol. 31, 1994, pp. 321-326
33.V. M. Segal, “Materials Processing by Simple Shear,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A197, 1995, pp. 157-164
34.S. Ferrase, V. M. Segal, K. T. Hartwig and R. E. Gorforth, “Microstructure and Properties of Copper and Aluminum Alloy 3003 Heavily Worked by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A., Vol. 28A, 1997, pp. 1047-1057
35.R. S. Mishra and A. K. Mukherjee, “Severe Plastic Deformation Processing and High Strain Rate Superplasticity in an Aluminum Matrix Composite,” Scripta Metall., Vol. 40, 1999, pp. 1151-1155
36.T. G. Langdon and Y. Li, “Equal-channel Angular Pressing of an Al-6061 Metal Matrix Composite,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 35, 2000, pp. 1201-1204
37.J. W. Yeh, S. Y. Yuan and C. H. Peng, “A Reciprocating Extrusion Process for Producing Hypereutectic Al-20 wt. Percent Si Wrought Alloys”, Mater. Sci. Eng., A252, 1998, pp. 212-221
38.柯長廷, “往復式擠製Zn-Al合金超塑性之研究”, 國立清華大學材料科學工程研究所碩士論文，1997
39.K. C. Chan, B. Q. Han and T. M. Yue, “Constitutive Equations for Superplastic Deformation of SiC Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Alloys”, Acta Metall., Vol. 44, 1996, pp. 2515-2522
40.P. Appendino, F. Marino and A. Tomasi, “6061 Aluminum Alloy-SiC Particulate Composite: A Comparison between Aging Behavior in T4 And T6 Treatments”, Mater. Sci. Eng., A135, 1991, pp. 275-279
41.I. Dutta, C. P. Harper and G. Dutta, “Role of Al2O3 Particulate Reinforcements on Precipitation in 2014 Al-Matrix Composites,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A., Vol 25, 1994, pp 1591-1602
42.J. Wang, M. Furukawa, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, Y. Ma and T. G. Langdon,“An Investigation of Microstructural Stability in an Al-Mg Alloy with Submicrometer Grain-Size,”Acta Metall., Vol. 44, 1996, pp. 2973-2982 (UU562)
43.A. Borrego and M. Lieblich, “Influence of Extrusion Temperature on the Aging Behavior of 6061Al-15Vol-Percent-SiCw Composites,”Scripta Metall., Vol. 34, 1996, pp. 471-478
44.Y. W. Kim, W. M. Griffith and F. H. Froes, “P/M Process of Al Alloy 7091”, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, April, 1984, pp.285-303
45.L. Salvo and M. Suery, “Interfacial Reactions and Age-Hardening in Al-Mg-Si Metal-Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles,”Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 191, 1995, pp. 277-277
46.M. Murray and K. G. Amit, “Superplasticity in a High Strength Powder Aluminum Alloy with and without SiC Reinforcement,”Metall. Trans. A, Vol. 17, 1986, pp. 653-661
47.A. L. Geiger, J. A. Walker, “The Processing and Properties of Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum Composites”, JOM, Vol. 8, 1991, pp. 8-15