臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要可分為三部分:1.製作ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al結構有機太陽能電池，2.進行元件各層表面分析，3.研究後退火製程較前退火製程表面平均粗糙度大的主因。
　　製作有機太陽能電池可分為前退火製程與後退火製程，其製作太陽能電池條件皆經過優化，而前、後退火製程差異只是在蒸鍍鋁陰極與熱退火的時機差別。其實驗結果前、後退火製程光的電轉換效率分別為為1.72%和3.24%。
　　利用AFM(Atomic Force Microscope)原子力顯微鏡分別觀察各層材料:ITO、PEDOT:PSS、主動層材料、鋁電極經過不同時機熱退火處理、鹽酸蝕刻、有無熱退火…等變因的表面形貌變化。而後退火製程主動層表面粗糙度遠大於前退火製程。最後觀察出材料鋁的表面粗糙度在受到熱退火處理會與底部材料的機械特性有當大的關聯。
　　最後利用奈米壓痕分析鋁與有機主動層材料機械特性，鋁在楊氏係數與硬度皆大於主動層材料，並且鋁陰極在有機薄膜上經過後退火過程會對主動層有強烈的影響，鋁陰極的壓縮應力對於後退火的主動層形貌變化有主導地位。

This study have three mainly parts: 1. Fabrication processes of ITO / PEDOT:PSS / P3HT:PCBM / Al structure of organic solar cells, 2. Analyze surface morphology of different layer of solar cell, 3. Study the factors with different morphologies of active layer under pre-annealing and post-annealing process, respectively.
　　Manufacture of organic solar cells can be divided into pre-annealing process and post-annealing process, and the production of solar cell conditions are optimized. The difference of pre-annealing and post-annealing process is only in the timing between evaporating aluminum electrodes and annealing. The experimental results reveal the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells with the pre-annealing and post-annealing process conditions are 1.72% and 3.24 %, respectively.
　　Using the AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) to observe the morphology changes of each layer: ITO, PEDOT:PSS, the active layer materials, aluminum electrodes, hydrochloric acid etching, with or without thermal annealing. The surface roughness of post-annealing process is much larger than that of pre-annealing process. Finally, observing the surface roughness of the aluminum with thermal annealing process has great relationship with the mechanical properties of the bottom layer.
　　Finally, comparing with the experimental results obtained from the technique of nanoindenter, the values of Young’s modulus from Al layer is more than one order from that of the active layer. The thin layer of Al caps on the soft organic film using post-annealing process has a strong influence on the morphology of the active layer. The compressive stress of Al is the critical factor that dominates the morphology changes of the active layer.

目錄
致謝 I
Abstract II
摘要 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 研究背景 2
1.2.1太陽光譜(Solar Spectrum) 2
1.2.2太陽能電池種類介紹 5
1.2.3有機太陽能電池優、缺點 7
1.3研究動機 7
第二章　理論基礎與文獻回顧 9
2.1太陽能電池六大參數介紹 9
2.1.1太陽能電池等效電路圖 12
2.2有機太陽能電池結構發展 13
2.2.1單層結構 13
2.2.2電子施體/受體雙層異質接面結構 14
2.2.3混合型異質接面結構太陽能電池 15
2.3有機高分子太陽能電池之工作原理 17
第三章 實驗流程與設備 23
3.1 實驗材料 23
3.1.1 ITO玻璃基板 23
3.1.2導電高分子PEDOT:PSS介紹 23
3.1.2有機主動層材料P3HT/PCBM介紹 24
3.1.3溶劑介紹 26
3.2製作太陽能電池流程 27
3.2.1 ITO玻璃基板製備 28
3.2.2 ITO玻璃基板清洗 29
3.2.3 電洞傳輸層塗佈 29
3.2.4主動層塗佈製作 29
3.2.5前退火製程 29
3.2.6陰極真空蒸鍍 30
3.2.7後退火製程 30
3.3表面形貌分析步驟 31
3.3.1蝕刻電極 31
3.4實驗儀器 32
3.4.1 超音波清洗機(Ultrasonic Cleaning) 32
3.4.2 紫外光臭氧清洗機(UV-Ozone) 33
3.4.3 加熱攪拌器( Hot Plate) 33
3.4.4 旋轉塗佈機(Spin Coater) 34
3.4.5 手套箱(Glove Box) 35
3.4.6 熱蒸鍍機(Thermal Evaporation) 37
3.4.7 I-V曲線量測系統（I-V curve measurement system） 38
3.4.8 AFM原子力顯微鏡（Atomic Force Microscope） 40
3.4.9 奈米壓痕(Nanoindenter) 42
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 有機太陽電池量測分析 45
4.2 原子力顯微鏡表面形貌量測分析 47
4.2.1有無UV-Ozone處理之ITO基板表面分析 48
4.2.2 電洞傳輸層PEDOT:PSS層表面分析 49
4.2.3 主動層表面分析 50
4.2.4 陰極鋁層之表面分析 56
4.2.5 表面分析實驗結果總結 60
4.3奈米壓痕分析 62
第五章 結論 65
參考文獻 67
論文發表清單 i

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