臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對太陽光電板材料選用與分析及全尺度防火試驗，來探討太陽光電板應用於建築外殼的安全評估。
現有建材一體型(BIPV)的應用設計，大約可簡單分為四種形式：屋頂包覆、屋頂外加、外牆、玻璃窗，並且在建築物採光的設計方式上，還分別具有透光式 (Light through)與遮光式 (Light shield)的設計。在防火方面，一些相關的研究文獻上指出若搭配特殊設計手法 (如：背面使用金屬框或是使用耐燃材質等)則是能夠具有半小時的防火時效。
在光電材料選用與分析上，本研究以CNS14705-1實驗方式進行材料之耐燃性與燃燒時熱釋放率的試驗。其結果可知，使用Tedlar背板與單面玻璃的構造能夠通過耐燃二級測試。使用EVA黏著劑與雙面玻璃的構造則是只能通過耐燃三級測試，在實驗過程發生火焰引燃的原因為黏著劑具有可燃性，因此若要提升太陽光電板的耐燃性質，則是可以往黏著劑的改良方向進行研究。
小尺度門牆爐試驗中，根據CNS12514之升溫曲線，測試太陽裝電板磁磚。結果顯示，太陽光電板磁磚實驗過程仍然有發生太陽光電板玻璃與磁磚分離的現象發生。太陽光電板為曝火面時，太陽光電板與瓷磚在30分鐘內分離且被破壞；而磁磚為曝火面時，具有較好的防火性能。
大尺度門牆爐試驗中，根據CNS12514之升溫曲線，並且結合水膜系統進行試驗。由於太陽光電板是複合式結構所組成，因此太陽光電板在試驗過程會有變形與分離的現象，導致水膜不均勻並且無法保護太陽光電板。結果顯示水膜產生在曝火面處會使得太陽光電板有較佳的防火性能，但無法讓太陽光電板不發生破裂與變形。

This study examines the materials used for PV modules via fire resistance experiments, and discusses the safety of using such modules on buildings.
The design of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) can be divided into four types: (1) roof coverings, (2) roof attached, (3) façades, and (4) windows. The designs for brightness can be divided into two types, light through and light shield. With regard to fireproofing, some studies note that using methods such as applying metal as a back sheet to PV can achieve a fire rating of 30 minutes.
In examining the materials used for solar cells, we tested the cells for both fire resistance and total heat released. The results showed that the Tedlar and one-layer glass structure could satisfy level 2 fire resistance, while the EVA and two-layer glass structure could satisfy level 3. The results also show that the PV catches fire because the adhesive used is flammable, and thus fire resistance can be improved by using a different adhesive.
In the small-scale heating furnace experiment which based on CNS12514. The PV module tiles separated from each other and dropped, the PV modules on exposed surface deformed and broken within 30 minutes. However, the tiles on exposed surface had batter fireproof.
We applied a water film system to the PV modules in the full-scale heating furnace experiment which based on CNS12514. However, the PV modules have a complex structure, and this deformed and separated from the tempered glass in the experiment. The results showed that the use of a water film system on the exposed surface led to better fire resistance, but could not prevent the tiles from deforming.

Contents Ⅰ
List of Tables Ⅲ
List of Figures Ⅳ
1.Introduction1
2.Literature Review 4
2.1 The design and research of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) 4
2.2 The standards for PV modules applied to buildings 6
2.2.1 The PV module standards 6
2.2.2 The building standards 7
2.3 Fireproof characteristics of building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) 7
2.4 Firefighters’ concerns about PV modules 9
2.5 Objectives 10
3. Experimental apparatus and methods 11
3.1 Cone calorimeter method 11
3.2 Small-scale heating furnace 12
3.3 Full-scale heating furnace 12
4. Results and Discussion 14
4.1 Cone calorimeter method 14
4.1.1 Single crystalline silicon solar cell, polycrystalline silicon solar cell and thin-film photovoltaic solar cell 14
4.1.2 Total heat released and total mass for solar cells 17
4.1.3 Bifacial solar cell and back sheet 20
4.1.4 Total heat released and total mass for solar cell and back sheet 21
4.2 Small-scale heating furnace experiment 23
4.2.1 Exposed surface of PV modules 24
4.2.2 Unexposed surface of PV modules 25
4.2.3 Summary 26
4.3 Full-scale heating furnace experiment 28
4.3.1 Experiment using III-V PV modules with cold flow 29
4.3.2 Unexposed surface of III-V PV modules with water film 30
4.3.3 Exposed surface of III-V PV modules with water film 31
4.3.4 Summary 32
5. Conclusions 35
6. References 37
Tables and figures 43
List of publications 87

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IEC61215, “Crystalline silicium terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) Modules - Design qualification and type approval, International Electrotechnical Commission, 2005.
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