臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出一數位化控制之降壓型直流/直流轉換器，採用電感電流波谷取樣及電流斜率參數估測實際電流，藉此完成峰值電流模式控制(Peak current mode control)。此種方式優點為有效降低電流取樣速度減少成本以及提供快速的動態負載響應。
為了設計數位控制器，本文將推導降壓型轉換器及峰值電流模式控制之數學模型並討論控制參數變動對系統穩定度之影響，由模擬驗證此控制器之性能，最後研製一以Xilinx® FPGA為控制平台，輸入電壓為12V，輸出電壓為2.5V，最大輸出電流為20A之降壓型轉換器。由實驗結果顯示在無載、滿載及快速動態負載響應下輸出電壓漣波皆小於+3%~-3%，由此結果可知此轉換器擁有快速的動態響應並且驗證理論與設計。

The main theme of this thesis is to present a digital controller for dc-dc buck converter using peak current mode control based upon estimated current which is derived by the parameter of current slope and valley current sampling. The advantages of this control method include significant reduction of sampling rate of current and providing fast dynamic response.
For design the digital controller, the mathematic model of the buck converter using peak current mode is derived and the effects of parameter on system stability is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the designed digital controller. The fully digital controller of dc-dc buck converter is implemented using Xilinx® FPGA-based board. The details of the specification are as follows: input voltage 12V, output voltage 2.5V and maximum output current for 20A. The experimental results show that the output voltage is well regulated and its ripple is less the +3%~-3% under both steady state and transient state, and thereby confirming the controller design and implementation.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 本文綱要 5
第二章 降壓型轉換器的電流控制模式 6
2.1降壓型轉換器之動作原理 6
2.2降壓型轉換器之數學模型 11
2.3 電流控制模式 16
2.3.1 峰值電流控制方法之回顧 16
2.3.2 估測峰值電流控制模式 19
2.3.3峰值電流控制模式的穩定度分析 21
2.3.4 估測峰值電流控制模式之數學模型 27
第三章 數位控制器設計 30
3.1 前言 30
3.2 控制器設計 30
3.2.1系統模型建立 30
3.2.2 比例-積分控制器設計 33
第四章 實驗系統與實驗結果 37
4.1 前言 37
4.2 軟體發展之實驗平台 37
4.3 系統規劃 40
4.4 模擬結果 43
4.5 實測結果 46
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 56
6.1 結論 56
6.2 未來研究方向 56
參考文獻 57
附錄 實作電路照片 60

[1]L. Balogh, ”SEM1600 Topic 6: A practical introduction to digital power supply control,” Texas Instruments Inc., 2005.
[2]K. Higuchi, K. Nakano, E. Takegami and K. Watanabe, “Robust control of DC-DC converter by high-order approximate 2-degree-of-freedom digital controller,” IEEE IECON, pp. 1839 – 1844, Nov., 2004.
[3]G. Feng, W. Zhang and Y. F. Liu “An adaptive current mode fuzzy logic controller for DC to DC converters,” IEEE APEC, Vol.12, pp. 983-989, Feb., 2003.
[4]L. Guo, J. Y. Hung and R. M. Nelms, “Digital controller design for buck and boost converters using root locus techniques,” Proc. of the IEEE IECON, pp. 1864-1869, Nov., 2003.
[5]Z. Ping, Z. Gao, “An FPGA-based digital control and communication module for space power management and distribution systems,” Proc. of the American Control Conference, Vol.7, pp.4941-4946, Jun., 2005.
[6]A. Emadi, “Modeling and analysis of multi-converter DC power electronic systems using the generalized state space averaging method,” IEEE IECON, Vol.2, pp.1001-1007, Nov., 2001.
[7]S. Saggini, M. Ghioni and A. Geraci, “A low-complexity high-performance digital control architecture for voltage regulator modules,” IEEE PESC, Vol.1, pp.121-126, Jun., 2003.
[8]A. R. Oliva, S. S. Ang and G.E. Bortolotto, “Digital control of a voltage-mode synchronous buck converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.21, pp.157-163, Jan., 2006.
[9]H. Peng and D. Maksimovic, “Digital current-mode controller for dc-dc converters,” IEEE APEC, Vol.2, pp.899-905, Mar., 2005.
[10]D. He and R. M. Nelms, “Peak current-mode control for a boost converter using an 8-bit microcontroller,” IEEE PESC, Vol.2, pp.938-943, Jun., 2003.
[11]N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland and W. P. Robbins, “Power electronics: converters, application and design,” 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, INC, New York, 1995.
[12]X. Zhou, P. Xu and F. C. Lee, “A novel current-sharing control technique for low-voltage high-current voltage regulator module applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.15, No.6, pp.1153-1162, Nov., 2000.
[13]R. W. Erickson, and D. Maksimovic, Fundamental of Power Electronics, 2nd edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
[14]T. Suntio, “Analysis and modeling of peak-current-mode-controlled buck converter in DICM,” IEEE Industrial Electronics., Vol.48, pp.127-135, Feb., 2001.
[15]A. Kelly and K. Rinne, “Sensorless current-mode control of a digital dead-beat dc-dc converter,” IEEE APEC, Vol.3, pp.1790-1795, 2004.
[16]J. Leyva-Ramos and A. Morales-Saldana, “Modeling of current-programmed converters with inductor current sensing,” Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on, pp.548-553, 2000.
[17]J. Chen, A. Prodic, R.W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, “Predictive digital current programmed control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.18, No.1, pp.41 1-419, Jan., 2003.
[18]S. Chattopadhyay and S. Das, “A digital current mode control technique for dc-dc converters,” IEEE APEC, Vol.2, pp.885-891, Mar., 2005.
[19]G. F. Franklin and J. D. Powell, A. Emami-Naeini, Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems, 4th edition Prentice Hall, 2002.
[20] G. F. Franklin, J. D. Powell and M. Workman, Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 3rd edition Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[21]H. J. Guo, Y. Shiroishi and O. Ichinokura, “Digital PI controller for high frequency switching dc-dc converters based on FPGA,” IEEE Intelec., pp.536-541, 2003.
[22]胡志強，「以場效可規劃邏輯閘陣列實現永磁同步馬達之直接相角驅動控制技術」，國立台北科技大學機電整合研究所碩士學位論文，民國93年七月。
[23]鄭群星編著，「FPGA/CPLD數位晶片設計入門-使用Xilinx ISE」，初版，全華科技圖書，台北，民國96年。
[24]Xilinx System Generator for DSP version 3.1, Xilinx Inc., 2003.
[25]Virtex-II Platform FPGA Introduction and Overview, Xilinx Inc., 2002.