臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣處於一個低薪階段，導致許多人對於公務員趨之若鶩。相對於私部門平均有較高起薪的公部門，將會吸引勞工進入公部門就職，使得人力資本往公部門移動。在考試制度的遴選下，產生高技術勞工排擠低技術勞工的情形，導致私部門人力資本素質及勞動市場的惡化，並造成人力資本的浪費。
本文將on-the-job search模型用於兩個部門(公、私部門)，並假設勞工在人力資本上的異質性。並建立基本模型和其延伸模型，主要差異為延伸模型假設異質勞工拿到不同的薪資，基本模型則是相同。在基本模型中，主要在公部門薪資高於和低於私部門薪資下，探討經濟表現的差異。在延伸模型中，因私部門會給予異質勞工不同的薪資，則存在公部門薪資介於公部門高、低技術勞工薪資之間的情形，且在此條件下也利於人力資本分配的探討。
研究結果發現公部門薪資低於私部門薪資的情況下，各項經濟表現都較高於私部門薪資佳。當公部門薪資介於公部門高、低技術勞工之間會有最好的總額GDP及最少的人力資本浪費。也就是說，公部門薪資高於和低於私部門薪資都有資源錯置的情形。

Taiwan has suffered from low-wage rates recently. Because the private sector has a lower starting wage compared with the public sector, it will attract workers to enter the public sector, making the human capital move to the public sector. Under the entrance examination system, high-skilled workers will exclude low-skilled workers, leading to the deterioration of human capital quality and labor market in the private sector and the waste of human capital.
In this paper, on-the-job search model is used for two departments (public and private), and the labor is assumed to be heterogeneous in human capital. The main difference for the extended model is to assume that heterogeneous labor will get a different wage, while the basic model is the same. In the basic model, we mainly discuss the differences in economic performance under the wages in public sector are higher or lower than private sector wages. In the extended model, because the private sector provide different wages to heterogeneous workers, wages in the public sector are between the wages of high-skilled and low-skilled workers in the private sector. Moreover, it is easier to discuss human capital distribution in each condition.
The basic model’s results show that there is a better economic performance in the public sector, and wages are lower than the private sector wages. In the extended model, it demonstrates that when public sector wages are between private sector high-skilled and low-skilled workers, there will be the best total GDP and the least waste of human capital. In other words, when public sector wages are higher or lower than the wages of all private sector workers, it leads to misallocation of human capital.

摘要i
誌謝vii
目錄viii
圖目錄ix
表目錄x
1.導論1
2.文獻回顧7
3.基本模型10
3.1 公部門薪資低於私部門薪資12
3.2 公部門薪資高於私部門薪資16
3.3 比較靜態19
4.延伸模型23
4.1 公部門薪資低於私部門所有勞工薪資24
4.2 公部門薪資高於私部門所有勞工薪資27
4.3 公部門薪資介於私部門高、低技術勞工薪資之間31
4.4 比較靜態35
5.結論39
5.1結論及政策意涵39
5.2限制及未來研究方向39
參考文獻 41

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