臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

1891 年勒沙特列（Le Chateilier）提出一個預測混合氣體的燃燒界限經驗
式，到目前為止這經驗式仍然持續受到廣泛的使用及應用。勒沙特列方
程式可以精準的預測多種混合物之燃燒界限，但勒沙特列方程式本身之
假設並沒有考慮到實際燃燒的複雜性，其中一項假設中認定所有燃料的
在燃燒中所產生的絕熱火焰溫度皆相等，而這點可以看出勒沙特列方程
式在實際狀況偏離，並且將會產生預測不準之物質。另外實際上燃燒界
限存在著多種定義，例如：工程上火焰傳播速度定義、安全上的體積百
分比濃度定義以及點火所引起之爆壓判定燃燒界限之定義，結果將呈現
對燃燒界限的認知。
大部分可燃性氣體混合物之燃燒界限會與勒沙特列方程式的預測結
果吻合，本研究使用氫氣+碳氫化合物混合氣體在常溫常壓下以實驗值討
論勒沙特列方程式之偏離且進一步尋找燃燒界限定義與火焰判定之間的
相關性。除了學術上之價值外，結果能被應用在真實製程之防火防爆設
計上，和降低製程可燃性物質在正常操作、儲存和運輸上的火災爆炸風
險。

In 1981,Le Chateilier proposed a experimental predition equation,and today this equation has still been used and develop another application.Le Chateilier’s equation can accurately predict flammability limit of multipul combination gas.But Le Chateilier’s assumption does not included the complexity of real burning. One of the Le Chateilier’s assumption is that adiabatic flame temperature of fuel is all the same and this is the reason why the deviation caused from the Le Chateilier’s equation.More combination gas we predict,more deviation we find. In addition,the flammability limit is filled with all kinds of determination method,such as flame propagation velocity、Volume percentage concentration and pressure rise. This study will focus on the relationship between all kinds of determination method.
Le Chateilier’s equation can predict accurately for most combination gas.Our study will test the flammability limit of hydrogen + hydrocarbon and
air mixture gas at N.T.P. and discuss the deviation behavior. Finally made a conclusion of the relationship between flammability limit and determination
method of flammability limit.
In addition to academic values,the results will be applicable in preventing fires and explosions in the real process,and can reduce the risk of fire and explosion in normal operation,storage,and transportation of materials.

目錄
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及重要性 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究假設及目的 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 重要名詞 5
2.1.1 燃燒界限 5
2.1.2 燃燒界限定義 8
2.1.3 輻射熱損失 8
2.1.4 重力 9
2.1.5 完全燃燒 10
2.1.6 不完全燃燒 10
2.1.7 貧瘠燃燒 11
2.1.8 過量燃燒 11
2.1.9 火焰燃燒速度 11
2.1.10 冷燄 12
2.2 燃燒界限測定方法 13
2.3 燃燒界限判定 13
2.4 影響燃燒界限的重要因子 14
2.4.1 點火能量 14
2.4.2 反應容器大小 14
2.4.3 火焰傳播方向 15
2.4.4 初始溫度與壓力 15
2.5 燃燒界限預測模式 17
2.5.1 燃燒界限經驗式 17
2.5.2 Le Chateilier’s定律 17
第三章 材料與方法 19
3.1 氣體與研究設備 20
3.2 儀器原理及應用 21
3.3 水封壓力計算 23
3.4 非理想氣體壓縮修正因子 25
第四章 結果 32
4.1 H2 + Ethylene – air 與Le Chateilier’s定律之LFL偏離行為 32
4.2 H2 + Acetylene– air 與Le Chateilier’s定律之LFL偏離行為 33
4.3 H2 + Ethylene– air 與Le Chateilier’s定律之UFL偏離行為 34
4.4 H2 + Acetylene – air 與Le Chateilier’s定律之偏離行 35
第五章 結論 49
參考文獻 51

表目錄
表2.1 Hydrogen 燃燒界限文獻值 6
表2.2 Ethylene 燃燒界限文獻值 7
表2.3 Acetylene 燃燒界限文獻值 8
表2.4 CH4-air之分別在正常重力與無重力條件下的燃燒界值 10
表3.1 氣體與供應商名稱 20
表3.2 DIPPR臨界溫度、壓力與可壓縮因子 30
表3.3 H2之溫度與蒸氣壓對照表 31
表4.1 H2 + Ethylene – air 燃燒下限值 36
表4.2 H2 + Acetylene – air 燃燒下限值 37
表4.3 H2 + Ethylene – air 燃燒上限值 38
表4.4 H2 + Acetylene – air 燃燒上限值 39

圖目錄
圖2.1 冷燄燃燒過程示意圖 12
圖3.1 參照ASTM E681規格拼裝之5L玻璃球 19
圖3.2 對比蒸氣壓與對比溫度的相依性 25
圖3.3 Z0的一般化相關圖，Pγ<1.0 26
圖3.4 Z0的一般化相關圖，Pγ>1.0 27
圖3.5 Z1的一般化相關圖，Pγ<1.0 28
圖3.6 Z1的一般化相關圖，Pγ>1.0 29
圖4.1 LFL H2 5.7％火焰傳播 36
圖4.2 LFL Ethylene 3.1%火焰傳播 41
圖4.3 LFL Acetylene 2.6%火焰傳播 43
圖4.4 UFL H2 70.3%火焰傳播 45
圖4.5 UFL Ethylene 17%火焰傳播 46
圖4.6 UFL Acetylene 40%火焰傳播 47

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