臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

科技應用的趨勢，一直以來不外乎提供更快的系統速度、豐富的軟體內容及快速便利的使用環境。隨著新型的應用或使用方式所帶來的是與過去相異逕庭的電力需求，吾人必須思考建構便利、智能的充電系統，可同時提供更多的待充行動裝置快速而安全的充電需求。
本研究提出一智能無線充電陣列設計，可同時對多個裝置充電，並具備辨識能力，可判斷待充設備之可充性，並依據待充設備之天線位置，調整充電陣列中發送天線數量，提升充電效率。植基於磁共振技術，本研究以發送天線線圈之電壓電流的振幅與相位變化，判斷接收端是否有功率接收之動作，並定位待充裝置於充電陣列上位置，同時排除對具有弱磁性或鐵磁性之金屬物品發送功率，以避免因電磁波據能生熱，造成安全上的疑慮。針對多個待充裝置，吾人亦發展一決策方法，依據待充裝置於充電陣列上之相對位置的功率變化，給予對應之接收權重，並制定決策權重以控制相鄰發送天線之啟閉狀態，透過彈性調整發送功率，提升充電效能。
無線充電陣列系統於實現上，必須考量當前對於充電系統高電壓、快速充電的需求，吾人於本研究中，以DE類共振變流器與DE類整流器設計系統所需之直流交流變換介面電路，DE類放大器具備較高的耐受電壓，其零電壓切換特性在功率電晶體切換啟閉狀態時，導通電流與電壓不會同時湧現，其切換損耗幾乎為零，可獲得較高之效率。
本研究為實現一個頻率為6.78MHz的無線充電陣列系統，此系統由三大塊電路組合而成，共振變流器、接收及發送端的天線陣列、整流器，其中共振變流器、整流器以DE類實現，有較高的效率及較高的電壓耐受度。發送天線陣列由七個天線組成，發送端單一天線可產生6.78MHz訊號，Vout(rms) = 8.1V，Iout(rms) = 474mA，Pout(rms) =3.83W，在距離1cm情況下，接收端天線Vout(rms) = 3.3V，Iout(rms) = 290mA，Pout(rms) =0.957W，若天線距離更近則功率會上升。為顯示本研究成果，我們將接收端任意放在發送端上，並依據提出的方法判斷需要開啟一個、二個或三個發送線圈，實驗數據顯示不論哪種狀況下，綜合能量轉換能力下降幅度不超過10%(二對一)，25 %(三對一)，其結果顯示接收端天線擺放位置位於發送端線圈對齊，本研究提出之方法亦可藉由控制線圈開啟，補足因轉換效率降低造成充電速度變慢之問題，在接收端天線位置可獲得相當之充電能力。

The trend of technology applications has always been to provide faster system speed, rich software content and fast and convenient use environment. With new applications or usage patterns that are different from the power requirements of the past, it is necessary to consider a convenient and intelligent charging system that can provide more fast and safe charging requirements for mobile devices to be charged at the same time.
This study proposes a smart wireless charging array design, which can charge multiple devices at the same time, and the ability has to identify, determine the chargeability of the device to be charged, and adjust the number of transmitting antennas in the charging array according to the antenna position of the device to be charged in order to improve charging efficiency.
Base on the magnetic resonance technology, this study uses the amplitude and phase of the voltage and current of the transmitting antenna coil to determine whether the receiving end has power receiving action, and positioning the device to be charged on the charging array , at the same time, the transmission power of metal objects with weak magnetic or ferromagnetic properties is excluded to avoid the possibility of heat generation due to electromagnetic waves, resulting in safety concerns.
A multitude of charged devices are developed, and a decision-making method is proposed , according to the power change of the relative position of the device to be charged on the charging array, corresponding receiving weights are given, and decision weighting is determined to control the opening and closing state of the adjacent transmitting antennas, and the flexibility is adopted. , and the transmission power is adjusted by elasticity to improve the charging performance.
In the implementation of the wireless charging array system, it is necessary to consider the current demand for high voltage and fast charging of the charging system.
In this study, the DC-AC conversion interface circuit required for the Class-DE resonant converter and the Class-DE rectifier design system.The Class-DE amplifier has a high voltage stress, and its zero voltage switching characteristic does not simultaneously appear between the current and the voltage when the power transistor is switched on and off. The switching loss is almost zero, and high efficiency can be obtained.
In this study, a wireless charging array system with a frequency of 6.78MHz is realized. This system is composed of three blocks of circuits, a resonant converter, an antenna array for receiving and transmitting , and a rectifier. The resonant converter and rectifier are of Class-DE. Realized, with higher efficiency and higher voltage stress.
The transmit antenna array consists of seven antennas. The single antenna at the transmitter can generate a 6.78MHz signal, Vout(rms) = 8.1V, Iout(rms) = 474mA, Pout(rms) =3.83W, at a distance of 1cm.The receiver antenna Vout(rms) = 3.3V, Iout(rms) = 290mA, Pout(rms) = 0.957W, and the power will rise if the antenna distance is closer.
In order to show the results of this research, we randomly placed the receiving end on the transmitting end, and judged that one, two or three transmitting coils need to be turned on according to the proposed method.
The experimental data shows that the comprehensive energy conversion capability decreases in any case, more than 10% (two to one), 25% (three to one), the results show that the antenna position of the receiving end is located at the transmitting end of the coil alignment.
The method proposed in this study can also be turned on by the control coil to complement the conversion efficiency.
The method proposed in the present study can also solve the problem that the charging speed is slowed down due to the decrease of the conversion efficiency by turning on the control coil, and the charging position can be obtained at the receiving end antenna position.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的 1
1.2 論文架構 3
第二章 無線充電原理及負載位置偵測 4
2.1 電磁感應 5
2.2 磁共振 7
2.3 充電物件特徵分析 9
2.3.1 可充電裝置 9
2.3.2 弱磁性金屬 11
2.3.3 鐵磁性金屬 12
第三章 無線充電系統架構 14
3.1 無線充電系統架構 14
3.2 DE類共振換流器 15
3.2.1 DE類共振換流器簡介 15
3.2.2 DE類共振換流器設計 16
3.2.3 DE類共振換流器原理 17
3.2.4 DE類共振換流器實際電路 22
3.3 天線線圈設計 25
3.3.1 天線計算 26
3.4 天線啟閉決策 28
3.4.1發送端與接收端為1對1 30
3.4.2發送端與接收端為2對1 31
3.4.3發送端與接收端為3對1 33
3.5 DE類交流-直流整流器簡介 35
3.5.1 DE類交流-直流整流器原理 36
3.5.2 DE類交流-直流整流器實際電路設計 38
第四章 實驗結果 39
4.1 發送端與接收端為1對1 39
4.2 發送端與接收端為2對1 42
4.3 發送端與接收端為3對1 43
4.4 綜合能量轉換能力(2對1) 45
4.4.1綜合能量轉換能力(3對1) 46
4.5 DE類整流輸出結果 47
第五章 結論 48
參考文獻 49

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