臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為解決傳統電動力技術僅利用惰性電極進行污染物之移除，而非降解破壞污染物，因此研製雙氧化金屬電極結合電動力技術(BMOE-EK)進行奈米碳管再生試驗，將可有效徹底解決污染，縮短時程，將使傳統電動力技術成為環境永續特性之新技術。為解決壬基酚與奈米碳管間之吸附機制，首先進行奈米碳管吸附壬基酚之試驗；後進行電動力試驗再生吸附飽和壬基酚之奈米碳管，考量電極種類，操作流質種類、電位坡降、操作時間等影響參數，並探討其去除機制及再生效率。
首先探討液相中NP與奈米碳管之吸附行為，結果顯示pH值愈小之環境下吸附量愈高，於NP濃度為2.5 mg/L、pH=4.0時吸附量可達353.4 mg/g。經等溫吸附實驗後進行模擬與迴歸運算後，顯示奈米碳管對於NP之等溫吸附較符合以BET等溫吸附方程式；藉由吸附動力方程式模擬後得知，本吸附試驗是遵循擬二階動力方程式。經由熱力學參數得知奈米碳管吸附壬基酚是自發性的吸熱反應。
本實驗製備之電極，在1V/cm進行8小時之處理，其處理效果與傳統電動力所使用之C棒做為陽極電極相較下皆可提昇1.6~1.8倍之處理效果，代表雙金屬電極其降解效能遠大於傳統電動力法之碳棒。針對不同操作流質處理效率之影響其操作條件電位坡降為2 V/cm、處理時間為8 hr以及陽極電極為RT 時，其處理效率分別為：0.1 M氯化鈉(69.0%) > 0.2 M氫氧化鈉(54.8%) > 0.06 M檸檬酸(48.7%)，此結果顯示當氯化鈉為操作流質時效果較佳，其可能原因是因為氯化鈉在電解過程中會產生OCl-，其具有強氧化性，因同時具有OCl-以及氫氧自由基可以有效降解壬基酚，比操作流質為氫氧化鈉藉由氫氧自由基降解壬基酚效果更佳。
當操作條件電位坡降為2 V/cm、處理時間為8 hr不同之操作流質處理效率分別為本實驗中比較PbO2/Ti、PbO2-Co/Ti及PbO2/SnO2+Sb2O3/Ti由操作流質中發現，PT容易在檸檬酸中剝落，導致其效果略差於經鍍上中間層之PSST，以及在PT製程中加入Co2+可以提昇其壬基苯酚降解效果。
本研究主要移除機制可能為離子遷移，系統中之NP幾乎都由陽極端所收集。使用NaOH為操作流質時其降解效果73.2%電力耗損約於9.64 kwh/m3，其相對高於使用氫氧化鈉60.2%之7.02 kwh/m3。同時本研究採TOC定量礦化率。針對再生效果較佳之RT電極及NaCl操作流質進行NP礦化率分析，結果顯示礦化率均為65%以上，代表雙金屬氧化電極對於NP之氧化有一定之成效。
以吸附飽和壬基酚之奈米碳管，反覆進行液相吸附-脫附實驗，經再生10次後CNT吸附量仍在340 mg/g約為首次吸附353.4 mg/g之96.2%；而固相再生次數為10次時其CNT吸附量48 mg/g為首次吸附150 mg/g之32%，為顯示奈米碳管可重複利用性質，其有高度經濟效益。
　　整體結果顯示，以雙金屬電極結合電動力法再生奈米碳管時，可藉由操作流質及電極材料條件之擇選，提昇奈米碳管之再生效率。

This study was focused tradition electrokinetic technology, it only except pollutant, but not degrade and destroy it. Using binary metallic oxide electrode combine the electrokinetic (BMOE-EK) technology to regeneration carbon nanotubs. It can effective to solve pollution, shortening completely to go on, will make traditional electrokinetic technology become the new technology that the environment continues the characteristic forever.
Test regeneration and absorb enduring the carbon nanotubes and is in charge of of saturation nonylphenol, consider the electrode kind in electrokinetic, it influences the parameter to operate liquid kind, electric potential slope lowering, operating time,etc., Dr.eye: probe into it and get rid of the mechanism and recycled efficiency.

Probe into the liquid and take a fancy to NP and endure the behavior of absorbing that the carbon nanotubes is in charge of at first, the result shows pH value was decreased and the absorbing amount is the higher. When 2.5 mg/L and pH 4 in NP, the absorbing amount can reach 353.4 mg/g after 14 hr.

After imitating and returning to operation after waiting for and absorbing the experiment warmly, is it endure carbon nanotubes in charge of to wait for warm to is it is it wait with BET warm to absorb equation preface to accord with relatively to absorb NP to show; Learn by absorbing the equation preface simulation of motive force, originally absorb and test and follow and draft two stepses of motive force equation preface.

Electrode prepared of this experiment, carrying on the treatment of 8 hr in 1V/cm, its C used to degrade the result and traditional electrokinetic makes and relatively makes and can a multiple 1.68 of treatment results for the electrode looks of anode excellently, it is excellent to represent it of one BMOE and degrade carbon nanotubes that efficiency is far greater than the law of traditional electrokinetic.

Learn experimental result operate by liquid being at electrode for at the time of RuO2/Ti different operation liquid degrade efficiency of been for degrading influence of efficiency including: Sodium chloride (69.0%) >NaOH (54.8%) >Citric acid (48.7%) ,It show have getting better more relatively results at being for operate liquiding at sodium chloride, not may sodium chloride produce OCl of in the electrolytic course -, it have strong person who oxidize, have OCl at the same time - and the oxyhydrogen free radical can degrade the base phenol of Ren effectively, than operate liquid degrade Ren to be base phenol result good for NaOH by oxyhydrogen free radical.

The amount of TOC utilized examines and endures the carbon nanotubes NP ore rate that manages with quantization BMOE-EK technological regeneration, the result shows ore rates are more than 65%, represent a pair of metal and oxidize the oxidizing certain effect to NP of electrode.

It is in charge of utilizing regeneration of law of electrokinetic to have feasibility demonstrating and enduring the carbon nanotubes at the same time.

Compare PbO2/Ti, PbO2-Co/Ti and PbO2/SnO2 +Sb2O3/Ti to find from the liquid of operating in this experiment, PbO2/Ti is easy to peel off the citric acid, cause slightly bad to on PbO2/SnO2 +Sb2O3/Ti, make Cheng put Co2+ can promote their nonylphenol degrade the result in PbO2/Ti result its.

Absorb the liquid phase repeatedly by absorbing enduring the carbon nanotubes and is in charge of of saturation nonylphenol - take off the experiment of enclosing, CNT absorbing amount still about absorb 96.2% for the first time in 340 mg/g, show that endures the carbon nanotubes and is in charge of re-utilizing nature after 10 times by regeneration, it has high economic benefits.

The result shows that, while combining the regeneration of electrokinetic and enduring the carbon nanotubes and is in charge of with one pair of metal electrodes, can promote and endure the recycled efficiency that the carbon nanotubes is in charge of by operating the selecting and selecting of the liquid and electrode material condition.

第一章 前言 ………………………………………………………… 1
1.1研究源起 ………………………………………………………… 1
1.2研究目的 ………………………………………………………… 2
1.3研究內容 ………………………………………………………… 3

第二章 文獻回顧 …………………………………………………… 5
2.1 壬基苯酚之環境特性 ……………………………………… 5
2.1.1壬基苯酚基本特性………………………………………… 6
2.1.2壬基苯酚在環境中流佈…………………………………… 7
2.2 奈米碳管之特性及改質影響 ………………………………… 9
2.2.1 奈米碳管基本特性………………………………………… 9
2.2.2 製造程序 ………………………………………………… 10
2.2.3改質技術對於吸附之影響 ……………………………… 11
2.3 吸附原理 ……………………………………………………… 13
2.3.1 物理吸附（physical adsorption）…………………………… 14
2.3.2 化學吸附（chemical adsorption）………………………… 15
2.4再生處理技術 ………………………………………………… 16
2.4.1超音波震盪技術 ………………………………………… 16
2.4.2 微波加熱技術 …………………………………………… 18
2.4.3 濕式氧化法 ……………………………………………… 18
2.4.4 熱處理技術 ……………………………………………… 19
2.4.5 Fenton法 ………………………………………………… 19
2.4.6 電動力法 ………………………………………………… 20
2.4.7 再生效益評估 …………………………………………… 21
2.5 電動力法復育技術 (Electrokinetic process, EK) …………… 22
2.5.1 電動力復育技術原理 …………………………………… 23
2.5.2 電動力復育技術影響因子 ……………………………… 25
2.5.2.1 電流密度 …………………………………………… 25
2.5.2.2 pH 值 ……………………………………………… 25
2.5.2.3 操作流質 …………………………………………… 25
2.6 電化學法 ……………………………………………………… 26
2.6.1 電極種類之影響 ………………………………………… 26
2.6.2 電解液種類之影響 ……………………………………… 33

第三章 研究方法 …………………………………………………… 35
3.1 研究架構 …………..………………….…………………… 35
3.2實驗材料及設備 ……………………………………… 35
3.2.1儀器與設備 ………………………………………………35
3.2.2 實驗材料 ……………………………………………… 37
3.3 壬基苯酚分析方法 …………………………………………… 38
3.4 奈米碳管之純化 ……………………………………………… 39
3.5 電極之製備 …………………………………………………… 39
3.5.1 MnO2/Ti (MT)電極 ……………………………………… 39
3.5.2 Ru/Ti (RT)電極 …………………………………………… 40
3.5.3 PbO2/Ti (PT)電極 ………………………………………… 40
3.5.4 PbO2-Co/Ti (PCT)電極 …………………………………… 41
3.5.5 PbO2/SnO2+Sb2O3/Ti (PSST)電極 ……………………… 41
3.6 循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry,CV) ………..…………………… 43
3.7 奈米碳管吸附實驗 …………………………………………… 45
3.7.1 最佳吸附量試驗 ………………………………………… 45
3.7.2 動力吸附試驗…………………………………………… 45
3.7.3等溫吸附實驗 …………………………………………… 49
3.7.4 吸附熱力學參數計算 …………………………………… 51
3.8 電化學再生試驗 ……………………………………………… 53
3.8.1 壬基苯酚液相萃取程序 ………………………………… 53
3.8.2 壬基苯酚固相萃取程序 ………………………………… 55
3.8.3 再生奈米碳管配製及裝填 ……………………………… 56
3.8.4 電動力管柱實驗 ………………………………………… 56
3.8.5電動力實驗分析項目 …………………………………… 57
3.8.6電動力試驗監測項目 …………………………………… 58
3.9 實驗之品保品管 ……………………………………………… 58

第四章 結果與討論 …………………………………………….……… 60
4.1 奈米碳管特性分析 ……………………………………………… 60
4.2 活性碳特性分析 ………………………………………………… 60
4.3雙金屬氧化物電極製備有效性評估 ……………………………… 63
4.3.1 循環伏安法 ……………………………………………… 63
4.3.1.1 以DI Water為操作流質……………………………… 64
4.3.1.2 以檸檬酸為操作流質 ……………………………… 64
4.3.1.3 以氫氧化鈉為操作流質 …………………………… 67
4.3.1.4 以氯化鈉為操作流質 ……………………………… 70
4.3.2 電極表面特性量測(SEM-EDS) ……………………… 73
4.4 NP液相吸附試驗 …………………………………………… 82
4.4.1 最佳吸附量試驗 ………………………………………… 82
4.4.2動力吸附試驗 …………………………………………… 84
4.4.3 等溫吸附試驗 …………………………………………… 88
4.4.4 熱力學參數分析 ………………………………………… 89
4.5 奈米碳管再生試驗 …………………………………………… 91
4.5.1電極與操作流質之測試 ………………………………… 93
4.5.1.1 以DI Water為操作流質……………………………… 95
4.5.1.2 以檸檬酸為操作流質 ……………………………… 97
4.5.1.3 以氫氧化鈉為操作流質 …………………………… 102
4.5.1.4 以氯化鈉為操作流質 ……………………………… 106
4.5.1.5 小結 ………………………………………………… 109
4.5.2電位坡降對於再生效率之影響………………………… 112
4.5.3處理時間對於再生效率之影響………………………… 112
4.6 NP去除機制及礦化率分析 ……………………………… 113
4.7 奈米碳管再生效益之評估 ………………………………… 115
4.8 經濟效益 ………..…………………………………………… 117

第五章 結論與建議 ……………………………………………… 123
5.1 結論 ………………………………………………………… 123
5.2 建議 ………………………………………………………… 125

參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 126
附錄A NP檢量線及萃取率分析 …………...……………………… 138
附錄B 吸附實驗試驗數據 ………………………………………… 141
附錄C 電動力實驗原始數據 …….……………………………….. 143

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