臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文所欲探討的問題是：菲律賓的法定國語，從原本以他加祿語作為發展基礎，到現在變成以所有菲律賓語言和外語作為發展基礎的「菲律賓語」，這個過程反映出菲律賓在語言意識形態上的何種變化？而這種變化以及它所產生的結果，又如何反映出菲律賓民族主義的問題？借用Woolard（2016）所提出的概念，本文將指出，從他加祿語到菲律賓語的轉變，反映了菲律賓民族主義菁英在語言意識形態上的修正，從「本真性」的意識形態往「匿名性」的意識形態偏移。促成這項轉變的因素有二：其他族群的抵制與「英語－Pilipino」雙語政策的形成。前者使得以他加祿語為核心的Pilipino失去國語地位，而後者則使得Pilipino實際上的使用基礎大為擴張。等到1986年制憲大會時，為了鞏固他加祿語的基礎同時避免其他族群的反彈，他加祿主義者沿用了「菲律賓語」的名稱，並且在論述上消弭了它的他加祿根源，又在法律上擴充了「菲律賓語」的發展基礎，以「匿名性」的意識形態論述來主張「菲律賓語」的正當性，並否定其他語言族群的挑戰。「本真性」的意識形態並沒有被揚棄，而是持續被用來抗衡英語的影響。透過複合地運用著「本真性」與「匿名性」的意識形態論述，他加祿主義者確實成功地在英語之下、地方語言之上，為他們所謂的「菲律賓語」掙出空間，但是包含在「菲律賓語」當中的他加祿中心主義，仍然持續地遭到其他語言族群的揭露與挑戰。

This thesis tried to answer: how the transformation of Philippine national language, from basing only on Tagalog toward a language basing on all Philippine languages and foreign languages, which is called “Filipino,” represents the shift of Filipinos’ language ideologies, and how the shift as well as its results reflects the problem of Philippine nationalism. By applying Woolard’s concepts, the thesis argued that the transformation from Tagalog to Filipino reflects the revision of language ideology of Philippine nationalist elites, from the ideology of authenticity toward anonymity. The reasons for this shift are: the rejection from other ethnics and the formation of English-Pilipino bilingual policy. The former deprived Pilipino of its national language status, while the latter expand its usage in actual. By the time of 1986 Constitutional Commission, in order to maintain the basis that Tagalog had achieved, and to prevent resist from other ethnics, the Tagalista continued to use the term “Filipino,” eliminated its Tagalog root in their discourses, and enlarged its development basis in the law, legitimizing the use of “Filipino” with the discourse of anonymity and refuting the challenge by other ethnic groups. The ideology of authenticity didn’t get discarded, but was instead maintained to resist the influence of English. By applying the ideologies of authenticity and anonymity in a complex way, the Tagalista successfully strived for a room for Filipino between English and vernaculars, but its Tagalog nuclear is continuingly revealed and challenged by other ethnic groups.

論文口試委員審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
圖表目次 v
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　問題意識 1
第二節　文獻回顧 11
第三節　研究方法 18
第二章　語言背景與歷史遺緒 23
第一節　菲律賓的語言情境概述 23
第二節　西班牙帝國的語言遺緒 28
第三節　菲律賓民族主義膨發時代 35
第四節　美國的英語政策及語言意識形態 42
第三章　他加祿語言民族主義的興起與反挫 45
第一節　Lope Santos的論述分析 45
第二節　Renato Constantino的論述分析 57
第三節　Leopoldo Yabes的論述分析 62
第四章　語言意識型態的轉向 69
第一節　1986年制憲大會的召開背景 69
第二節　1986年制憲大會的論述分析 71
第五章　結論 77
參考資料 80

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